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second land

Толкование Перевод

1 second land

Автомобильный термин: гребень поршня над канавкой второго поршневого кольца

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > second land
2 second land

гребень поршня над канавкой второго поршневого кольца

English-russian automobile dictionary > second land
3 second land

гребень поршня над канавкой второго поршневого кольца (рис. 3,7)

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > second land
4 second

1) = car drives in first

2) = drive the car in first

3) секунда; II второй (по счёту); вторичный; второстепенный; II более низкого качества

- second best

- second-class road

- second gear
- second gear torque
- second-hand car

- second land

- second-motion engine

- second-motion shaft
- second-ring groove - second speed - second speed gear - second-stage gear set

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > second
5 land

1. noun
1) no pl., no indef. art. (solid part of the earth) Land, das

by land — auf dem Landweg

on land — zu Lande; (not in air) auf dem Boden; (not in or on water) an Land

2) no indef. art. (expanse of country) Land, das

see how the land lies — (fig.) herausfinden, wie die Dinge liegen; see also academic.ru/42780/lie">lie II 1. 1)

3) no pl., no indef. art. (ground for farming or building, property) Land, das

work the land — das Land bebauen

live off the land — sich von dem ernähren, was das Land hergibt

4) (country) Land, das

the greatest in the land — der/die Größte im ganzen Land
2. transitive verb
1) (set ashore) [an]landen [Truppen, Passagiere, Waren, Fang]

2) (Aeronaut.) landen [[Wasser]flugzeug]

3) (bring into a situation)

land oneself in trouble — sich in Schwierigkeiten bringen; sich (Dat.) Ärger einhandeln (ugs.)

land somebody in [the thick of] it — jemanden [ganz schön] reinreiten (salopp)

4) (deal) landen [Schlag]

land somebody one — jemandem einen Schlag verpassen (ugs.)

5) (burden)

land somebody with something, land something on somebody — jemandem etwas aufhalsen (ugs.)

be landed with somebody/something — jemanden auf dem Hals haben (ugs.) /etwas aufgehalst bekommen (ugs.)

6)

land a fish — einen Fisch an Land ziehen

7) (fig.): (succeed in obtaining) an Land ziehen (ugs.)
3. intransitive verb
1) [Boot usw.:] anlegen, landen; [Passagier:] aussteigen ( from aus)

we landed at Dieppe — wir gingen in Dieppe an Land

2) (Aeronaut.) landen; (on water) [auf dem Wasser] aufsetzen

be about to land — zur Landung angesetzt haben; gerade landen

3) (alight) landen; [Ball:] aufkommen

land on one's feet — auf den Füßen landen; (fig.) [wieder] auf die Füße fallen

Phrasal Verbs:

- land back

- land up

* * *
[lænd] 1. noun
1) (the solid part of the surface of the Earth which is covered by the sea: We had been at sea a week before we saw land.) das Land

2) (a country: foreign lands.) das Land

3) (the ground or soil: He never made any money at farming as his land was poor and stony.) das Land

4) (an estate: He owns land/lands in Scotland.) das Land
2. verb
1) (to come or bring down from the air upon the land: The plane landed in a field; They managed to land the helicopter safely; She fell twenty feet, but landed without injury.) landen

2) (to come or bring from the sea on to the land: After being at sea for three months, they landed at Plymouth; He landed the big fish with some help.) landen

3) (to (cause to) get into a particular (usually unfortunate) situation: Don't drive so fast - you'll land (yourself) in hospital/trouble!) in Schwierigkeiten etc. bringen

•

[-rouvə]

noun

(a type of strong motor vehicle used for driving over rough ground.) der Landrover

- landing
- landing-gear
- landing-stage
- landlocked
- landlord
- landmark
- land mine
- landowner
- landslide
- landslide victory
- landslide
- landslide defeat
- land up
- land with
- see how the land lies
* * *

land

[lænd]

I. n

1. no pl (not water) Land nt

to have dry \land under one's feet festen Boden unter den Füßen haben

to sight \land Land sichten

to travel by \land auf dem Landweg reisen

on \land an Land

2. no pl also AGR (ground) Land nt; (soil) Boden m

building \land Bauland nt

agricultural [or arable] [or farm] \land Ackerland nt, landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche[n] f[pl] fachspr

piece/plot of \land (for building) Grundstück nt; (for farming) Stück nt Land

waste \land Brachland nt, Ödland nt fachspr

to live off the \land von selbsterwirtschafteten Produkten leben

to work [on] [or to farm] the \land Ackerbau treiben

3. no pl (countryside)

▪ the \land das Land

to move back to the \land zurück aufs Land ziehen

4. (particular area of ground) Grundstück nt

▪ \lands pl (real estate) Grundbesitz m; (extensive estates) Ländereien pl

get off my \land! verschwinden Sie von meinem Grundstück!

building \land Baugründstück nt

private \land Privatbesitz m

state \land[s] AM staatlicher Grundbesitz

5. (country, region) Land nt; ( fig: world) Welt f

to live in a fantasy \land in einer Fantasiewelt leben

the L\land of the Midnight Sun das Land der Mitternachtssonne

the L\land of the Rising Sun das Land der aufgehenden Sonne

6. AM ( euph: Lord)

for \land's sake um Gottes Willen

7. TECH (in a gun) Feld nt fachspr

8.

▶ to be in the \land of the living ( hum) unter den Lebenden sein [o geh weilen] hum

▶ the \land of [or flowing with] milk and honey das Land, wo Milch und Honig fließt

▶ to be in the L\land of Nod BRIT ( dated) im Land der Träume sein

▶ to see [or find out] how the \land lies die Lage sondieren [o peilen

II. n modifier

1. MIL (attack, manoeuvre) Boden-

2. also AGR (soil) (excavation) Boden-

3. (real estate) (law, price, purchase) Grundstücks-

\land agent BRIT Grundstücksmakler(in) m(f)

\land property Grundbesitz m

\land registry Grundbuchamt nt

4. (not water) (crab, wind) Land-

III. vi

1. AVIAT, AEROSP landen

to \land on the moon auf dem Mond landen

to come in to \land zur Landung ansetzen

2. NAUT vessel anlegen, anlanden; people an Land gehen

3. (come down, fall, move to)

▪ to \land in/on sth in/auf etw dat landen

the bird escaped from the cat and \landed safely on the garden fence der Vogel entkam der Katze und landete sicher auf dem Gartenzaun

the plates \landed on the ground with a loud crash die Teller landeten mit einem lauten Knall auf dem Boden

to \land on one's feet auf den Füßen landen; ( fig) [wieder] auf die Füße fallen fig

to \land on the floor [or ground] auf dem Boden landen

to \land on a square (in games) auf einem Feld landen

▪ to \land outside sth außerhalb einer S. gen landen

the ball \landed outside the line der Ball landete außerhalb der Linie

4. (hit) blow, punch sitzen

if his punch had \landed... wenn sein Schlag getroffen hätte...

5. ( fam: end up, arrive) landen fam

why do the difficult translations always \land on my desk? warum landen die schwierigen Übersetzungen immer auf meinem Tisch? fam

this report \landed on my desk this morning dieser Bericht landete heute Morgen auf meinem Tisch fam

IV. vt

1. (bring onto land)

to \land an aircraft [or a plane] ein Flugzeug landen

to \land a boat ein Boot an Land ziehen

to \land a fish einen Fisch an Land ziehen

to \land a plane on water mit einem Flugzeug auf dem Wasser landen, ein Flugzeug wassern fachspr

2. (unload)

▪ to \land sth etw an Land bringen

to \land a cargo eine Ladung löschen

to \land fish [at the port] Fisch anlanden

to \land passengers Passagiere von Bord [gehen] lassen

to \land troops Truppen anlanden

3. ( fam: obtain)

▪ to \land sth contract, offer, job etw an Land ziehen fig fam

to \land oneself a good job sich dat einen guten Job angeln fam

4. ( fam: burden)

▪ to \land sb with sth jdm etw aufhalsen fam

I've been \landed with the job of sorting out his mistakes ich habe es aufgehalst bekommen, seine Fehler auszubügeln fam

▪ to be \landed with sb jdn am Hals haben fam

5. ( fam: place)

▪ to \land sb in sth jdn in etw akk bringen

she was arrested and \landed in jail sie wurde verhaftet und ins Gefängnis gesteckt fam

that could have \landed you in jail deswegen hättest du im Gefängnis landen können fam

the demonstration \landed some of the protesters in jail einige Demonstranten wurden während der Kundgebung in Haft genommen

you've really \landed me in it! da hast du mich aber ganz schön reingeritten! fam

to \land sb in bankruptcy jdn Bankrott machen

to \land sb in serious trouble jdn in ernsthafte Schwierigkeiten bringen

6.

▶ to \land oneself/sb in hot [or deep] water sich selbst/jdn in große Schwierigkeiten bringen

* * *
[lnd]
1. n

1) (= not sea) Land nt

by land — auf dem Landweg

by land and sea — zu Land und zu Wasser

as they approached land — als sie sich dem Land näherten

to see how the land lies (lit) — das Gelände erkunden or auskundschaften; (fig) die Lage sondieren or peilen

the lay or lie of the land (lit) —

until I've seen the lay or lie of the land (fig) for land's sake ( US inf ) —, inf ) um Himmels willen

See:

→ dry land

2) (= nation, region also fig) Land nt

to be in the land of the living — unter den Lebenden sein

3) (as property) Grund und Boden m; (= estates) Ländereien pl

to own land — Land besitzen

she's bought a piece of land — sie hat ein Stück Land or (for building) ein Grundstück gekauft

get off my land! — verschwinden Sie von meinem Grundstück or von meinem Grund und Boden!

4) (AGR) Land nt; (= soil) Boden m

to return to the land — zur Scholle zurückkehren

to work on the land — das Land bebauen

the drift from the land — die Landflucht

2. vt

1) (NAUT) passengers absetzen, von Bord gehen lassen; troops landen; goods an Land bringen, löschen; fish at port anlanden; boat an Land ziehen

he landed the boat on the beach — er zog das Boot an den Strand

2) (AVIAT) passengers absetzen, von Bord gehen lassen; troops landen; goods abladen

to land a plane —

the helicopter landed a doctor on the ship — der Hubschrauber setzte einen Arzt auf dem Schiff ab

scientists will land a space probe on the moon — Wissenschaftler werden eine Raumsonde auf dem Mond landen

3) fish on hook an Land ziehen

4) (inf: obtain) kriegen (inf); contract sich (dat) verschaffen; prize (sich dat) holen (inf); job an Land ziehen (inf)

she finally landed him — sie hat sich (dat) ihn schließlich geangelt (inf)

5) (Brit inf) blow landen (inf)

he landed him one, he landed him a punch on the jaw — er versetzte ihm or landete bei ihm einen Kinnhaken

6) (inf: place) bringen

like that will land you in trouble/jail — bei einem solchen Betragen wirst du noch mal Ärger bekommen/im Gefängnis landen

it landed me in a mess — dadurch bin ich in einen ganz schönen Schlamassel (inf) geraten or gekommen

I've landed myself in a real mess — ich bin (ganz schön) in die Klemme geraten (inf)

his attitude landed him in trouble — durch seine Einstellung handelte er sich (dat) Ärger ein

buying the house landed him in debt — durch den Kauf des Hauses verschuldete er sich

being overdrawn could land you with big bank charges — wenn man sein Konto überzieht, kann einen das hohe Bankgebühren kosten

7) (inf

= lumber) to land sb with sth — jdm etw aufhalsen (inf) or andrehen

I got landed with the job — man hat mir die Arbeit aufgehalst (inf)

I got landed with him for two hours — ich hatte ihn zwei Stunden lang auf dem Hals

3. vi

1) (from ship) an Land gehen

2) (AVIAT) landen; (bird, insect) landen, sich setzen

as it landed (Aviat) — bei der Landung

we're coming in to land — wir setzen zur Landung an

3) (= fall, be placed, strike) landen

the bomb landed on the building — die Bombe fiel auf das Gebäude

to land on one's feet (lit) — auf den Füßen landen; (fig) auf die Füße fallen

to land on one's head — auf den Kopf fallen

he landed awkwardly — er ist ungeschickt aufgekommen or gelandet (inf)

* * *

land [lænd]

A s

1. Land n (Ggs Meer, Wasser, Luft):

by land zu Land(e), auf dem Landweg(e);

by land and sea zu Wasser und zu Lande;

see ( oder find out) how the land lies fig

a) die Lage peilen umg,

b) sich einen Überblick verschaffen;

make land SCHIFF

a) Land sichten,

b) das (Fest)Land erreichen

2. Land n, Boden m

3. Land n (Ggs Stadt):

back to the land zurück aufs Land

4. JUR

a) Land-, Grundbesitz m, Grund m und Boden m

b) pl Ländereien pl, Güter pl

5. Land n, Staat m, Volk n, Nation f:

Land of Enchantment US (Beiname für den Staat) New Mexico n;

Land of Opportunity US (Beiname für den Staat) Arkansas n;

Land of Promise → Promised Land

6. WIRTSCH natürliche Reichtümer pl (eines Landes)

7. fig Land n, Gebiet n, Reich n:

the land of dreams das Reich oder Land der Träume;

the land of the living das Diesseits; → milk A 1, nod C 2

8. Feld n (zwischen den Zügen des Gewehrlaufs)

B v/i

1. FLUG landen, SCHIFF auch anlegen

2. oft land up landen, (an)kommen:

land in a ditch in einem Graben landen;

land up in prison im Gefängnis landen;

land second SPORT an zweiter Stelle landen

3. umg einen Schlag oder Treffer landen:

land on sb

a) bei jemandem einen Treffer landen,

b) fig es jemandem geben umg

C v/t

1. Personen, Güter, ein Flugzeug landen:

land goods Güter ausladen (SCHIFF auch löschen)

2. einen Fisch etc an Land ziehen

3. besonders Fahrgäste absetzen:

the cab landed him at the station;

he was landed in the mud er landete im Schlamm

4. jemanden bringen:

that will land you in prison;

land o.s. ( oder be landed) in trouble in Schwierigkeiten geraten oder kommen;

land sb in trouble jemanden in Schwierigkeiten bringen

5. land sb with sth, land sth onto sb umg jemandem etwas aufhalsen

6. umg einen Schlag oder Treffer landen, anbringen:

he landed him one er knallte ihm eine, er verpasste ihm eins oder ein Ding

7. umg jemanden, etwas kriegen, erwischen:

the police have landed the criminal;

land a husband sich einen Mann angeln;

land a prize sich einen Preis holen, einen Preis ergattern

8. land sb sth umg jemandem etwas einbringen

* * *
1. noun
1) no pl., no indef. art. (solid part of the earth) Land, das

by land — auf dem Landweg

on land — zu Lande; (not in air) auf dem Boden; (not in or on water) an Land

2) no indef. art. (expanse of country) Land, das

see how the land lies — (fig.) herausfinden, wie die Dinge liegen; see also lie II 1. 1)

3) no pl., no indef. art. (ground for farming or building, property) Land, das

work the land — das Land bebauen

live off the land — sich von dem ernähren, was das Land hergibt

4) (country) Land, das

the greatest in the land — der/die Größte im ganzen Land
2. transitive verb
1) (set ashore) [an]landen [Truppen, Passagiere, Waren, Fang]

2) (Aeronaut.) landen [[Wasser]flugzeug]

3) (bring into a situation)

land oneself in trouble — sich in Schwierigkeiten bringen; sich (Dat.) Ärger einhandeln (ugs.)

land somebody in [the thick of] it — jemanden [ganz schön] reinreiten (salopp)

4) (deal) landen [Schlag]

land somebody one — jemandem einen Schlag verpassen (ugs.)

5) (burden)

land somebody with something, land something on somebody — jemandem etwas aufhalsen (ugs.)

be landed with somebody/something — jemanden auf dem Hals haben (ugs.) /etwas aufgehalst bekommen (ugs.)

6)

land a fish — einen Fisch an Land ziehen

7) (fig.): (succeed in obtaining) an Land ziehen (ugs.)
3. intransitive verb
1) [Boot usw.:] anlegen, landen; [Passagier:] aussteigen ( from aus)

we landed at Dieppe — wir gingen in Dieppe an Land

2) (Aeronaut.) landen; (on water) [auf dem Wasser] aufsetzen

be about to land — zur Landung angesetzt haben; gerade landen

3) (alight) landen; [Ball:] aufkommen

land on one's feet — auf den Füßen landen; (fig.) [wieder] auf die Füße fallen

Phrasal Verbs:

- land back

- land up

* * *

adj.

landen adj. n.

Boden ¨-- m.

Bundesland n.

Festland -¨er n.

Land ¨-er n. v.

landen v.

English-german dictionary > land
6 land

[lænd] 1. noun
1) (the solid part of the surface of the Earth which is covered by the sea: We had been at sea a week before we saw land.) kopno

2) (a country: foreign lands.) dežela

3) (the ground or soil: He never made any money at farming as his land was poor and stony.) zemlja

4) (an estate: He owns land/lands in Scotland.) zemljišče
2. verb
1) (to come or bring down from the air upon the land: The plane landed in a field; They managed to land the helicopter safely; She fell twenty feet, but landed without injury.) pristati

2) (to come or bring from the sea on to the land: After being at sea for three months, they landed at Plymouth; He landed the big fish with some help.) pristati, potegniti na obalo

3) (to (cause to) get into a particular (usually unfortunate) situation: Don't drive so fast - you'll land (yourself) in hospital/trouble!) pristati

•

[-rouvə]

noun

(a type of strong motor vehicle used for driving over rough ground.)

- landing
- landing-gear
- landing-stage
- landlocked
- landlord
- landmark
- land mine
- landowner
- landslide
- landslide victory
- landslide
- landslide defeat
- land up
- land with
- see how the land lies
* * *
I [lænd]
noun

kopno, zemlja; dežela; zemljišče, tla; posestvo; figuratively področje; plural nepremičnine; polje (del med dvema brazdama puškine cevi)

by land — po kopnem

by land and sea — po kopnem in po morju

the land of dreams — kraljestvo sanj

the land of the living — tostranstvo, ta svet

the fat of the land — obilje

the land of the leal — raj

the lay of the land — topografska lega

native land — domovina

land of Nod — spanec

the Holy Land — sveta dežela

the Promised Land — obljubljena dežela

land of cakes — ali land of the thistle — Škotska

back to the land — nazaj na dežslo

to go on the land — oditi v vas, postati kmetovalec

nautical to make the land — zagledati kopno, pristati

to come to land — dospeti v pristanišče

nautical land ho! — kopno na vidiku!

to lay ( —ali shut in) the land — zgubiti kopno z vidika

to see how the land lies — videti od kod veter piha, videti kakšno je stanje
II [lænd]
1.

transitive verb

(ljudi, robo) izkrcati (at v); izvleči (ribo); (potnike) pripeljati, odložiti; spraviti (koga v težave); colloquially udariti, usekati koga; colloquially ujeti, dobiti; sport pripeljati na cilj (konja), spraviti (žogo) v gol;

2.

intransitive verb

pristati (ladja, avion), dospeti, izkrcati se; ujeti se (po skoku); sport colloquially priti v cilj

the cab landed him at the station — taksi ga je pripeljal do postaje

he was landed in the mud — pristal je v blatu

to land s.o. in difficulties — spraviti koga v težave

to land s.o. with s.th. — obesiti komu kaj na vrat

to land o.s. in — ali to be landed in — zabresti v kaj

to land a husband — ujeti, dobiti moža

to land a prize — dobiti nagrado

to land in prison — dospeti v ječo

he landed him one — usekal ga je

to land on s.o. — navaliti na koga

to land a blow — udariti

to land on one's head — pasti na glavo

to land on one's feet — doskočiti na noge

to be nicely landed — biti v dobrem položaju

to land s.o. in a coat that doesn't fit — spraviti koga v zadrego

to land second — biti drugi v cilju

English-Slovenian dictionary > land
7 land haulage
1. грузоперевозки
грузоперевозки
—
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]

EN

land haulage

[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2552]

Тематики
- торговля
EN
- land haulage
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > land haulage
8 land carriage
1. наземная/сухопутная перевозка
наземная/сухопутная перевозка
ФИАТА
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]

EN

land carriage
FIATA
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2551]

Тематики
- торговля
EN
- land carriage
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > land carriage
9 second crop land

1) Сельское хозяйство: земля повторного использования (при выращивании за один оросительный сезон двух культур)

2) Макаров: земля повторного использования (при выращивании за один оросит. сезон двух культур)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > second crop land
10 see land

редк.

быть у цели; понять, к чему клонится дело [букв.; мор. увидеть землю]

Stephen worked the next day, and the next, uncheered by a word from anyone and shunned in all his comings and goings, as before. At the end of the second day, he saw land; at the end of the third, his loom stood empty. (Ch. Dickens, ‘Hard Times’, book II, ch. VI) — Стивен работал на следующий день и еще один день, - ни от кого он не услышал приветливого слова, и по-прежнему все избегали какого бы то ни было общения с ним. К концу второго дня он увидел, к чему клонится дело; к концу третьего - у его станка никого не было.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > see land
11 place

1. noun
1) Ort, der; (spot) Stelle, die; Platz, der

I left it in a safe place — ich habe es an einem sicheren Ort gelassen

it was still in the same place — es war noch an derselben Stelle od. am selben Platz

a place in the queue — ein Platz in der Schlange

all over the place — überall; (coll.): (in a mess) ganz durcheinander (ugs.)

from place to place — von Ort zu Ort

in places — hier und da; (in parts) stellenweise

find a place in something — (be included) in etwas (Akk.) eingehen; see also academic.ru/73191/take">take 1. 4)

2) (fig.): (rank, position) Stellung, die

put somebody in his place — jemanden in seine Schranken weisen

know one's place — wissen, was sich für einen gehört

it's not my place to do that — es kommt mir nicht zu, das zu tun

3) (building or area for specific purpose)

a [good] place to park/to stop — ein [guter] Platz zum Parken/eine [gute] Stelle zum Halten

do you know a good/cheap place to eat? — weißt du, wo man gut/billig essen kann?

place of residence — Wohnort, der

place of work — Arbeitsplatz, der; Arbeitsstätte, die

place of worship — Andachtsort, der

4) (country, town) Ort, der

Paris/Italy is a great place — Paris ist eine tolle Stadt/Italien ist ein tolles Land (ugs.)

place of birth — Geburtsort, der

go places — (coll.) herumkommen (ugs.); (fig.) es [im Leben] zu was bringen (ugs.)

5) (coll.): (premises) Bude, die (ugs.); (hotel, restaurant, etc.) Laden, der (ugs.)

she is at his/John's place — sie ist bei ihm/John

[shall we go to] your place or mine? — [gehen wir] zu dir oder zu mir?

6) (seat etc.) [Sitz]platz, der

change places [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] die Plätze tauschen; (fig.) [mit jemandem] tauschen

lay a/another place — ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

is this anyone's place? — ist dieser Platz noch frei?

7) (in book etc.) Stelle, die

lose one's place — die Seite verschlagen od. verblättern; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, an welcher Stelle man ist

8) (step, stage)

in the first place — zuerst

why didn't you say so in the first place? — warum hast du das nicht gleich gesagt?

in the first/second/third etc. place — erstens/zweitens/drittens usw.

9) (proper place) Platz, der

everything fell into place — (fig.) alles wurde klar

a woman's place is in the home — eine Frau gehört ins Haus

the clamp is properly in place — die Klammer sitzt richtig

into place — fest[nageln, -schrauben, -kleben]

out of place — nicht am richtigen Platz; (several things) in Unordnung; (fig.) fehl am Platz

take the place of somebody — jemandes Platz einnehmen

10) (position in competition) Platz, der

take first/second etc. place — den ersten/zweiten usw. Platz belegen

11) (job, position, etc.) Stelle, die; (as pupil; in team, crew) Platz, der

12) (personal situation)

what would you do in my place? — was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?

put yourself in my place — versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage
2. transitive verb
1) (put) (vertically) stellen; (horizontally) legen

place in position — richtig hinstellen/hinlegen

place an announcement/advertisement in a paper — eine Anzeige/ein Inserat in eine Zeitung setzen

place a bet — auf ein Pferd wetten

2) (fig.)

place one's trust in somebody/something — sein Vertrauen auf od. in jemanden/etwas setzen

he places happiness above all other things — Glück steht für ihn an erster Stelle

3) in p.p. (situated) gelegen

a badly placed window — ein Fenster an einer ungünstigen Stelle

we are well placed for buses/shops — etc. wir haben es nicht weit zur Bushaltestelle/zum Einkaufen usw.

how are you placed for time/money? — (coll.) wie steht's mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld?

4) (find situation or home for) unterbringen ( with bei)

place somebody under somebody's care — jemanden in jemandes Obhut geben

5) (class, identify) einordnen; einstufen

I've seen him before but I can't place him — ich habe ihn schon einmal gesehen, aber ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen soll

be placed second in the race — im Rennen den zweiten Platz belegen

* * *
[pleis] 1. noun
1) (a particular spot or area: a quiet place in the country; I spent my holiday in various different places.) der Ort

2) (an empty space: There's a place for your books on this shelf.) der Platz

3) (an area or building with a particular purpose: a market-place.) der Platz

4) (a seat (in a theatre, train, at a table etc): He went to his place and sat down.) der Platz

5) (a position in an order, series, queue etc: She got the first place in the competition; I lost my place in the queue.) der Platz

6) (a person's position or level of importance in society etc: You must keep your secretary in her place.) der Platz

7) (a point in the text of a book etc: The wind was blowing the pages of my book and I kept losing my place.) die Stelle

8) (duty or right: It's not my place to tell him he's wrong.) die Aufgabe

9) (a job or position in a team, organization etc: He's got a place in the team; He's hoping for a place on the staff.) der Platz

10) (house; home: Come over to my place.) die Wohnung

11) ((often abbreviated to Pl. when written) a word used in the names of certain roads, streets or squares.) der Platz

12) (a number or one of a series of numbers following a decimal point: Make the answer correct to four decimal places.) die Stelle
2. verb
1) (to put: He placed it on the table; He was placed in command of the army.) stellen, setzen

2) (to remember who a person is: I know I've seen her before, but I can't quite place her.) einordnen

•

- place-name
- go places
- in the first
- second place
- in place
- in place of
- out of place
- put oneself in someone else's place
- put someone in his place
- put in his place
- take place
- take the place of
* * *

place

[pleɪs]

I. NOUN

1. (location) Ort m

I hate busy \places ich hasse Orte, an denen viel los ist

the hotel was one of those big, old-fashioned \places das Hotel war eines dieser großen altmodischen Häuser

we're staying at a bed-and-breakfast \place wir übernachten in einer Frühstückspension

let's go to a pizza \place lass uns eine Pizza essen gehen

this is the exact \place! das ist genau die Stelle!

this plant needs a warm, sunny \place diese Pflanze sollte an einem warmen, sonnigen Ort stehen

Scotland is a very nice \place Schottland ist ein tolles Land fam

that café is a nice \place dieses Café ist echt nett fam

a nice little \place at the seaside ein netter kleiner Ort am Meer

please put this book back in its \place bitte stell dieses Buch wieder an seinen Platz zurück

this is the \place my mother was born hier wurde meine Mutter geboren

sorry, I can't be in two \places at once tut mir leid, ich kann nicht überall gleichzeitig sein

\place of birth Geburtsort m

\place of custody Verwahrungsort m

\place of death Sterbeort m

\place of delivery Erfüllungsort m

\place of employment Arbeitsplatz m

\place of jurisdiction Gerichtsstand m

\place of performance Erfüllungsort m

\place of refuge Zufluchtsort m

\place of residence Wohnort m

a \place in the sun ( fig) ein Plätzchen an der Sonne

\place of work Arbeitsplatz m, Arbeitsstätte f

to go \places AM weit herumkommen, viel sehen

in \places stellenweise

this plant still exists in \places diese Pflanze kommt noch vereinzelt vor

2. no pl (appropriate setting) [geeigneter] Ort

this meeting isn't the \place to discuss individual cases diese Konferenz ist nicht der Ort, um Einzelfälle zu diskutieren

university was not the \place for me die Universität war irgendwie nicht mein Ding fam

that bar is not a \place for a woman like you Frauen wie du haben in solch einer Bar nichts verloren

3. (home)

I'm looking for a \place to live ich bin auf Wohnungssuche

we'll have a meeting at my \place/Susan's \place wir treffen uns bei mir/bei Susan

where's your \place? wo wohnst du?; ( fam)

your \place or mine? zu dir oder zu mir?

they're trying to buy a larger \place wir sind auf der Suche nach einer größeren Wohnung

4. ( fig: position, rank) Stellung f

she's got friends in high \places sie hat Freunde in hohen Positionen

they have a \place among the country's leading exporters sie zählen zu den führenden Exporteuren des Landes

it's not your \place to tell me what to do es steht dir nicht zu, mir zu sagen, was ich zu tun habe

I'm not criticizing you — I know my \place das ist keine Kritik — das würde ich doch nie wagen!

to keep sb in their \place jdn in seine Schranken weisen

to put sb in his/her \place [or show sb his/her \place] jdm zeigen, wo es langgeht fam

5. (instead of)

▪ in \place of stattdessen

you can use margarine in \place of butter statt Butter kannst du auch Margarine nehmen

I invited Jo in \place of Les, who was ill Les war krank, daher habe ich Jo eingeladen

6. (proper position)

▪ to be in \place an seinem Platz sein; ( fig: completed) fertig [o abgeschlossen] sein

the chairs were all in \place die Stühle waren alle dort, wo sie sein sollten; ( fig)

the arrangements are all in \place now die Vorbereitungen sind jetzt abgeschlossen; ( fig)

the new laws are now in \place die neuen Gesetze gelten jetzt; ( fig)

suddenly all fell into \place plötzlich machte alles Sinn

to be out of \place nicht an der richtigen Stelle sein; person fehl am Platz[e] sein; ( fig)

the large desk was totally out of \place in such a small room der große Schreibtisch war in solch einem kleinen Zimmer völlig deplatziert

what you've just said was completely out of \place was du da gerade gesagt hast, war völlig unangebracht

to push sth in \place etw in die richtige Position schieben

7. MATH (in decimals) Stelle f

to five \places of decimals bis auf fünf Stellen hinter dem Komma

8. (job, position) Stelle f; (in team) Platz m; (at university) Studienplatz m

your \place is here by my side du gehörst an meine Seite

to take the \place of sb jds Platz einnehmen

9. (in book) Stelle f

to find one's \place die [richtige] Stelle wiederfinden

to keep one's \place markieren, wo man gerade ist/war

to lose one's \place die Seite verblättern[, wo man gerade war]; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, wo man gerade ist

10. (seat) Platz m

is this \place taken? ist dieser Platz noch frei?

to change \places with sb mit jdm die Plätze tauschen

to keep sb's \place [or save sb a \place] jdm den Platz freihalten

to lay a/another \place ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

to take one's \place at table Platz nehmen

11. (position) Stelle f

just put yourself in my \place versetzen Sie sich doch mal in meine Lage!

if I were in your \place... ich an deiner Stelle...

what would you do in my \place? was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?

12. (ranking) Platz m, Position f

the song went from tenth to second \place in the charts das Lied stieg vom zehnten auf den zweiten Platz in den Charts

our team finished in second \place unsere Mannschaft wurde Zweiter

to take [or esp BRIT get] first/second \place Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden

to take first/second \place ( fig) an erster/zweiter Stelle kommen

their children always take first \place ihre Kinder stehen für sie immer an erster Stelle

in second \place auf dem zweiten Platz

13. SPORT

to get a \place sich akk platzieren; AM Zweite(r) werden

14. AM ( fam: somewhere)

I know I left that book some \place ich weiß, dass ich das Buch irgendwo gelassen habe

15.

▶ all over the \place (everywhere) überall; (badly organized) [völlig] chaotisch; (spread around) in alle Himmelsrichtungen zerstreut

▶ a \place for everything and everything in its \place ( prov) jedes Ding hat seinen Platz

▶ in the first \place (at first) zuerst; (at all) überhaupt

we shouldn't have got married in the first \place! wir hätten erst gar nicht heiraten dürfen!

but why didn't you say that in the first \place? aber warum hast du denn das nicht gleich gesagt?

▶ in the first/second \place (firstly, secondly) erstens/zweitens

▶ to give \place to sb/sth jdm/etw Platz machen

▶ to go \places ( fam) auf dem Weg nach oben sein

▶ to take \place stattfinden

▶ there is a \place and time for everything alles zu seiner Zeit

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (position)

▪ to \place sth somewhere etw irgendwohin stellen; (lay) etw irgendwohin legen

bowls of flowers had been \placed on tables auf den Tischen waren Blumenvasen aufgestellt

the Chancellor \placed a wreath on the tomb der Kanzler legte einen Kranz auf dem Grab nieder

she \placed her name on the list sie setzte ihren Namen auf die Liste

he \placed his hand on my shoulder er legte mir die Hand auf die Schulter

to \place an advertisement in the newspaper eine Anzeige in die Zeitung setzen

to \place sth on the agenda etw auf die Tagesordnung setzen

to \place a bet on sth auf etw akk wetten

to \place sb under sb's care jdn in jds Obhut geben

to \place a comma ein Komma setzen

to \place one foot in front of the other einen Fuß vor den anderen setzen

to \place a gun at sb's head jdn eine Pistole an den Kopf setzen

to \place money on sth Geld auf etw akk setzen

▪ to be \placed shop, town liegen

2. (impose)

to \place an embargo on sb/sth über jdn/etw ein Embargo verhängen

to \place a limit [or ceiling] on sth etw begrenzen

to \place ten pounds/half a million on sth etw mit zehn Pfund/einer halben Million veranschlagen

3. (ascribe)

to \place the blame on sb jdm die Schuld geben

to \place one's faith [or trust] in sb/sth sein Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen

to \place one's hopes on sb/sth seine Hoffnungen auf jdn/etw setzen

to \place importance on sth auf etw akk Wert legen

... and she \placed the emphasis on the word ‘soon’... und die Betonung lag auf ‚schnell‘

he \placed stress on every second syllable er betonte jede zweite Silbe

4. (arrange for)

to \place a call ein Telefongespräch anmelden

to \place sth at sb's disposal jdm etw überlassen

5. (appoint to a position)

▪ to \place sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwo unterbringen [o SCHWEIZ platzieren]

to \place sb on [the] alert jdn in Alarmbereitschaft versetzen

to \place sb under arrest jdn festnehmen

to \place sb in charge [of sth] jdm die Leitung [von etw dat] übertragen

to \place sb in jeopardy jdn in Gefahr bringen

to \place sb under pressure jdn unter Druck setzen

to \place a strain on sb/sth jdn/etw belasten

to \place staff Personal unterbringen [o vermitteln]

to \place sb under surveillance jdn unter Beobachtung stellen

the town was \placed under the control of UN peacekeeping troops die Stadt wurde unter die Aufsicht der UN-Friedenstruppen gestellt

6. (recognize)

▪ to \place sb/sth face, person, voice, accent jdn/etw einordnen

7. (categorize, rank)

▪ to \place sb/sth jdn/etw einordnen

to be \placed SPORT sich akk platzieren; AM unter die ersten zwei kommen

to be \placed first/second SPORT Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden

▪ to \place sth above [or before] [or over] sth etw über etw akk stellen

sb \places sth above all other things etw steht bei jdm an erster Stelle

I'd \place him among the world's ten most brilliant scientists für mich ist er einer der zehn hervorragendsten Wissenschaftler der Welt

they \placed the painting in the Renaissance sie ordneten das Bild der Renaissance zu

8. ECON

▪ to \place sth goods etw absetzen

to \place an order for sth etw bestellen

to \place an order with a firm einer Firma einen Auftrag erteilen

9. passive (good position)

▪ to be well \placed for sth für etw akk eine gute Ausgangsposition haben

we're well \placed for the shops wir haben es nicht weit zum Einkaufen fam

to be well \placed financially finanziell gut dastehen

to be well \placed to watch sth von seinem Platz aus etw gut sehen können

10. passive (have at disposal)

▪ to be well \placed for sth:

how \placed are you for time/money? wie sieht es mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld aus?

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

SPORT sich akk platzieren; AM also (finish second) Zweite(r) werden

* * *
[pleɪs]
1. NOUN

1) general Platz m, Stelle f

this is the place where he was born —

do the spoons have a special place? — haben die Löffel einen bestimmten Platz?

water is coming through in several places — an mehreren Stellen kommt Wasser durch

from place to place — von einem Ort zum anderen

in another place — woanders

bed is the best place for him — im Bett ist er am besten aufgehoben

we found a good place to watch the procession from — wir fanden einen Platz, von dem wir den Umzug gut sehen konnten

in the right/wrong place — an der richtigen/falschen Stelle

some/any place — irgendwo

a poor man with no place to go — ein armer Mann, der nicht weiß, wohin

this is no place for you/children —

there is no place for the unsuccessful in our society your place is by his side — für Erfolglose ist in unserer Gesellschaft kein Platz dein Platz ist an seiner Seite

it was the last place I expected to find him — da hätte ich ihn zuletzt or am wenigsten vermutet

this isn't the place to discuss politics — dies ist nicht der Ort, um über Politik zu sprechen

to laugh in the right places — an den richtigen Stellen lachen

I can't be in two places at once! —

she likes to have a place for everything and everything in its place — sie hält sehr auf Ordnung und achtet darauf, dass alles an seinem Platz liegt

2) = geographical location = district Gegend f; (= country) Land nt; (= building) Gebäude nt; (= town) Ort m

there's nothing to do in the evenings in this place —

Sweden's a great place they're building a new place out in the suburbs — Schweden ist ein tolles Land sie bauen ein neues Gebäude am Stadtrand

3) = home Haus nt, Wohnung f

come round to my place some time — besuch mich mal, komm doch mal vorbei

let's go back to my place — lass uns zu mir gehen

I've never been to his place — ich bin noch nie bei ihm gewesen

where's your place? — wo wohnst du?

at Peter's place — bei Peter

your place or mine? (hum inf) — gehen wir zu dir oder zu mir?

4) in book etc Stelle f

to find one's place — die richtige Stelle finden

to keep one's place — sich (dat) die richtige Stelle markieren

to lose one's place — die Seite verblättern; (on page) die Zeile verlieren

5) = seat, position at table, in team, school, hospital Platz m; (at university) Studienplatz m; (= job) Stelle f

to lay an extra place for sb — ein zusätzliches Gedeck für jdn auflegen

to take one's place (at table) —

take your places for a square dance! — Aufstellung zur Quadrille, bitte!

places for 500 students — 500 Studienplätze

to give up one's place (in a queue) — jdm den Vortritt lassen

to lose one's place (in a queue) — sich wieder hinten anstellen müssen

if I were in your place — an Ihrer Stelle, wenn ich an Ihrer Stelle wäre

put yourself in my place — versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage

to take the place of sb/sth — jdn/etw ersetzen, jds Platz or den Platz von jdm/etw einnehmen

6) in hierarchy Rang m, Stellung f

people in high places — Leute in hohen Positionen

to know one's place — wissen, was sich (für einen) gehört

of course I'm not criticizing you, I know my place! (hum) — ich kritisiere dich selbstverständlich nicht, das steht mir gar nicht zu

it's not my place to comment/tell him what to do — es steht mir nicht zu, einen Kommentar abzugeben/ihm zu sagen, was er tun soll

to keep or put sb in his place — jdn in seine Schranken weisen

that put him in his place! — das hat ihn erst mal zum Schweigen gebracht, da hab ichs/hat ers etc ihm gezeigt (inf)

7) in exam, competition Platz m, Stelle f

Lunt won, with Moore in second place — Lunt hat gewonnen, an zweiter Stelle or auf dem zweiten Platz lag Moore

to win first place — Erste(r, s) sein

to take second place to sth — einer Sache (dat) gegenüber zweitrangig sein

8) SPORT Platzierung f

to get a place —

to back a horse for a place — auf Platz wetten, eine Platzwette abschließen

9) in street names Platz m

10) MATH Stelle f

to work sth out to three decimal places — etw auf drei Stellen nach dem Komma berechnen

11)

set structures __diams; place of + noun place of amusement — Vergnügungsstätte f

place of birth — Geburtsort m

place of residence — Wohnort m

place of business or work — Arbeitsstelle f __diams; in places stellenweise

the snow was up to a metre deep in places — der Schnee lag stellenweise bis zu einem Meter hoch

everything was in place — alles war an seiner Stelle

make sure the wire/screw is properly in place — achten Sie darauf, dass der Draht/die Schraube richtig sitzt

the legislation is already in place — die gesetzlichen Regelungen gelten schon

to look out of place —

to feel out of place — sich fehl am Platz or deplatziert fühlen

not a hair out of place — tipptopp frisiert (inf)

McCormack played in goal in place of Miller — McCormack stand anstelle von Miller im Tor __diams; to fall into place Gestalt annehmen

in the first place..., in the second place... — erstens..., zweitens...

the meeting will take place on Monday — das Treffen findet am Montag statt

he's going places (fig inf) — er bringts zu was (inf) __diams; to give place to sth einer Sache (dat) Platz machen

2. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) = put setzen, stellen; (= lay down) legen; person at table etc setzen; guards aufstellen; shot (with gun) anbringen; (FTBL, TENNIS) platzieren; troops in Stellung bringen; announcement (in paper) inserieren (in in +dat); advertisement setzen (in in +acc)

the magician placed one hand over the other — der Zauberer legte eine Hand über die andere

she slowly placed one foot in front of the other —

he placed the cue ball right behind the black he placed a gun to my head — er setzte die Spielkugel direkt hinter die schwarze Kugel er setzte mir eine Pistole an den Kopf

she placed a finger on her lips —

the vase was precariously placed — die Vase stand an einer gefährlichen Stelle

to place a matter before sb — jdm eine Angelegenheit vorlegen

I shall place the matter in the hands of a lawyer — ich werde die Angelegenheit einem Rechtsanwalt übergeben

to place a strain on sth — etw belasten

this placed him under a lot of pressure — dadurch geriet er stark unter Druck

to place confidence/trust in sb/sth — Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen

to be placed (shop, town, house etc) — liegen

how are you placed for time/money? — wie sieht es mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld aus?

we are well placed for the shops — was Einkaufsmöglichkeiten angeht, wohnen wir günstig

Liverpool are well placed in the league — Liverpool liegt gut in der Tabelle

they were well placed to observe the whole battle — sie hatten einen günstigen Platz, von dem sie die ganze Schlacht verfolgen konnten

we are well placed now to finish the job by next year —

with the extra staff we are better placed now than we were last month — mit dem zusätzlichen Personal stehen wir jetzt besser da als vor einem Monat

he is well placed (to get hold of things) — er sitzt an der Quelle

he is well placed to get information — er kommt leicht an Informationen

2) = rank stellen

to place local interests above or before or over those of central government — kommunale Interessen über die der Zentralregierung stellen

that should be placed first — das sollte an erster Stelle stehen

where do you place love on your list of priorities? — an welcher Stelle steht die Liebe für dich?

the German runner was placed third — der deutsche Läufer belegte den dritten Platz or wurde Dritter

to be placed (Sport) — sich platzieren

3) = identify context of einordnen

in which school would you place this painting? —

I don't know, it's very difficult to place I can't quite place him/his accent — ich weiß es nicht, es ist sehr schwer einzuordnen ich kann ihn/seinen Akzent nicht einordnen

historians place the book in the 5th century AD — Historiker datieren das Buch auf das 5. Jahrhundert

4) COMM goods absetzen; order erteilen (with sb jdm); contract abschließen (with sb mit jdm)

who did you place the computer typesetting job with? —

this is the last time we place any work with you — das ist das letzte Mal, dass wir Ihnen einen Auftrag erteilt haben

5) money (= deposit) deponieren; (= invest) investieren

to place money at sb's credit — jdm eine Geldsumme gutschreiben

6) phone call anmelden

7) = find job for unterbringen (with bei)

the agency is trying to place him with a building firm — die Agentur versucht, ihn bei einer Baufirma unterzubringen

* * *

place [pleıs]

A s

1. Ort m, Stelle f, Platz m:

from place to place von Ort zu Ort;

in places stellenweise;

the goalkeeper was exactly in the right place SPORT der Torhüter stand goldrichtig;

all over the place umg überall;

his hair was all over the place umg er war ganz zerzaust;

come to the wrong place an die falsche Adresse geraten;

keep sb’s place jemandem seinen Platz frei halten ( in a queue in einer Schlange);

lay a place for sb für jemanden decken;

take place stattfinden;

win a place in the semifinals SPORT ins Halbfinale einziehen, sich fürs Halbfinale qualifizieren; → safe A 1

2. (mit adj) Stelle f:

a wet place on the floor

3. (eingenommene) Stelle:

take sb’s place

a) jemandes Stelle einnehmen,

b) jemanden vertreten;

take the place of ersetzen, an die Stelle treten von (od gen);

in place of anstelle von (od gen);

if I were in your place I would … ich an Ihrer Stelle würde …; wenn ich Sie wäre, würde ich …;

put yourself in my place versetzen Sie sich (doch einmal) in meine Lage!

4. Platz m (Raum):

give place (to) Platz machen (für oder dat) (a. fig), nachgeben (dat)

5. (richtiger oder ordnungsgemäßer) Platz (auch fig): in his library every book has its place hat jedes Buch seinen Platz;

find one’s place sich zurechtfinden;

know one’s place wissen, wohin man gehört;

in (out of) place (nicht) am (richtigen) Platz;

this remark was out of place diese Bemerkung war deplatziert oder unangebracht;

feel out of place sich fehl am Platz fühlen;

this is not the place for

a) das oder hier ist nicht der (geeignete) Ort für,

b) das ist nicht der richtige Zeitpunkt für;

such people have no place in our club für solche Leute ist kein Platz in unserem Verein;

put sth back in its place etwas (an seinen Platz) zurücklegen oder -stellen;

put sb back in their place jemanden in die oder seine Schranken verweisen; → click¹ B 4, fall into 1, slot¹ C

6. Ort m, Stätte f:

one of the best places to eat eines der besten Restaurants oder Speiselokale;

place of amusement Vergnügungsstätte;

place of birth Geburtsort;

place of interest Sehenswürdigkeit f;

place of work Arbeitsplatz m, -stelle f;

place of worship

a) Kultstätte,

b) Gotteshaus n;

go places

a) ausgehen,

b) (umher)reisen,

c) fig es zu etwas bringen; → assembly 1

7. WIRTSCH Ort m, Platz m, Sitz m:

place of business Geschäftssitz;

place of delivery Erfüllungsort;

place of jurisdiction Gerichtsstand m;

place of payment Zahlungsort;

from this place ab hier; → destination 1

8. Haus n, Wohnung f:

at his place bei ihm (zu Hause);

he came over to my place yesterday er kam gestern zu mir;

your place or mine? umg bei dir od bei mir?

9. Ort(schaft) m(f):

in this place hier;

Munich is a nice place to live in München lebt man angenehm oder lässt es sich angenehm leben; → exile A 1

10. Gegend f:

of this place hiesig

11. THEAT Ort m (der Handlung)

12. umg Lokal n:

go to a Greek place zum Griechen gehen

13. SCHIFF Platz m, Hafen m:

place of tran(s)shipment Umschlagplatz;

place of call Anlaufhafen

14. Raum m (Ggs Zeit)

15. Stelle f (in einem Buch etc):

lose one’s place die Seite verblättern oder verschlagen;

I’ve lost my place auch ich weiß nicht mehr, wo (an welcher Stelle) ich war;

the audience laughed in the right places an den richtigen Stellen

16. MATH (Dezimal) Stelle f:

of many places vielstellig;

place value Stellenwert m

17. Platz m, Stelle f (in einer Reihenfolge):

in the first place

a) an erster Stelle, erstens, zuerst, als Erst(er, e, es),

b) in erster Linie,

c) überhaupt (erst),

d) ursprünglich;

why did you do it in the first place? warum haben Sie es überhaupt getan?;

you should not have done it in the first place Sie hätten es von vornherein bleiben lassen sollen;

why didn’t you admit it in the first place? warum hast du es nicht gleich zugegeben?;

in the last place an letzter Stelle, zuletzt, als letzt(er, e, es); schließlich; → second¹ A 1

18. SPORT etc Platz m:

in third place auf dem dritten Platz;

take third place den dritten Platz belegen; → second¹ A 1

19. (Sitz)Platz m, Sitz m:

take your places nehmen Sie Ihre Plätze ein!

20. a) (An)Stellung f, (Arbeits)Stelle f, Posten m:

out of place stellenlos

b) UNIV Studienplatz m

21. Amt n:

a) Dienst m:

in place im Amt (Minister etc), im Staatsdienst

b) fig Aufgabe f, Pflicht f:

it is not my place to do this es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, dies zu tun

22. (soziale) Stellung, Stand m, Rang m:

in high places an hoher Stelle;

persons in high places hochstehende Persönlichkeiten

23. fig Grund m:

there’s no place for doubt es besteht kein Grund zu zweifeln

B v/t

1. stellen, setzen, legen (alle auch fig):

place together Tische etc zusammenstellen;

place a call ein (Telefon)Gespräch anmelden;

place a coffin einen Sarg aufbahren;

place in order zurechtstellen, ordnen;

place sb in a difficult place jemanden in eine schwierige Lage bringen;

he places hono(u)r above wealth ihm ist Ehre wichtiger als Reichtum;

place on record aufzeichnen, (schriftlich) festhalten;

he placed a ring on her finger er steckte ihr einen Ring an den Finger; (siehe die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven);

the referee was well placed SPORT der Schiedsrichter stand günstig

2. Posten etc aufstellen:

place o.s. sich aufstellen oder postieren

3. I can’t place him ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen oder wohin ich ihn tun soll (woher ich ihn kenne)

4. einen Wohnungssuchenden etc unterbringen ( with bei), einen Arbeitssuchenden auch vermitteln

5. jemanden ein-, anstellen

6. jemanden ernennen oder in ein Amt einsetzen

7. (der Lage nach) näher bestimmen

8. WIRTSCH

a) eine Anleihe, Kapital unterbringen

b) (with) Aufträge erteilen (dat), vergeben (an akk), eine Bestellung aufgeben (bei)

c) einen Vertrag, eine Versicherung abschließen:

place an issue eine Emission unterbringen oder platzieren

9. Ware absetzen

10. a) be placed SPORT sich platzieren, platziert sein, unter den ersten drei sein:

be placed 6th sich an 6. Stelle platzieren

b) how are you placed for money? bes Br wie sieht es bei dir finanziell aus?

11. SPORT

a) den Ball platzieren

b) Rugby: ein Tor mit einem Platztritt schießen

12. ELEK schalten:

place in parallel parallel schalten

C v/i SPORT US

a) → B 10 a

b) den zweiten Platz belegen

pl. abk

1. place Pl.

2. plate

3. plural Pl.

* * *
1. noun
1) Ort, der; (spot) Stelle, die; Platz, der

I left it in a safe place — ich habe es an einem sicheren Ort gelassen

it was still in the same place — es war noch an derselben Stelle od. am selben Platz

a place in the queue — ein Platz in der Schlange

all over the place — überall; (coll.): (in a mess) ganz durcheinander (ugs.)

from place to place — von Ort zu Ort

in places — hier und da; (in parts) stellenweise

find a place in something — (be included) in etwas (Akk.) eingehen; see also take 1. 4)

2) (fig.): (rank, position) Stellung, die

put somebody in his place — jemanden in seine Schranken weisen

know one's place — wissen, was sich für einen gehört

it's not my place to do that — es kommt mir nicht zu, das zu tun

3) (building or area for specific purpose)

a [good] place to park/to stop — ein [guter] Platz zum Parken/eine [gute] Stelle zum Halten

do you know a good/cheap place to eat? — weißt du, wo man gut/billig essen kann?

place of residence — Wohnort, der

place of work — Arbeitsplatz, der; Arbeitsstätte, die

place of worship — Andachtsort, der

4) (country, town) Ort, der

Paris/Italy is a great place — Paris ist eine tolle Stadt/Italien ist ein tolles Land (ugs.)

place of birth — Geburtsort, der

go places — (coll.) herumkommen (ugs.); (fig.) es [im Leben] zu was bringen (ugs.)

5) (coll.): (premises) Bude, die (ugs.); (hotel, restaurant, etc.) Laden, der (ugs.)

she is at his/John's place — sie ist bei ihm/John

[shall we go to] your place or mine? — [gehen wir] zu dir oder zu mir?

6) (seat etc.) [Sitz]platz, der

change places [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] die Plätze tauschen; (fig.) [mit jemandem] tauschen

lay a/another place — ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

is this anyone's place? — ist dieser Platz noch frei?

7) (in book etc.) Stelle, die

lose one's place — die Seite verschlagen od. verblättern; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, an welcher Stelle man ist

8) (step, stage)

in the first place — zuerst

why didn't you say so in the first place? — warum hast du das nicht gleich gesagt?

in the first/second/third etc. place — erstens/zweitens/drittens usw.

9) (proper place) Platz, der

everything fell into place — (fig.) alles wurde klar

a woman's place is in the home — eine Frau gehört ins Haus

the clamp is properly in place — die Klammer sitzt richtig

into place — fest[nageln, -schrauben, -kleben]

out of place — nicht am richtigen Platz; (several things) in Unordnung; (fig.) fehl am Platz

take the place of somebody — jemandes Platz einnehmen

10) (position in competition) Platz, der

take first/second etc. place — den ersten/zweiten usw. Platz belegen

11) (job, position, etc.) Stelle, die; (as pupil; in team, crew) Platz, der

12) (personal situation)

what would you do in my place? — was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?

put yourself in my place — versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage
2. transitive verb
1) (put) (vertically) stellen; (horizontally) legen

place in position — richtig hinstellen/hinlegen

place an announcement/advertisement in a paper — eine Anzeige/ein Inserat in eine Zeitung setzen

place a bet — auf ein Pferd wetten

2) (fig.)

place one's trust in somebody/something — sein Vertrauen auf od. in jemanden/etwas setzen

he places happiness above all other things — Glück steht für ihn an erster Stelle

3) in p.p. (situated) gelegen

a badly placed window — ein Fenster an einer ungünstigen Stelle

we are well placed for buses/shops — etc. wir haben es nicht weit zur Bushaltestelle/zum Einkaufen usw.

how are you placed for time/money? — (coll.) wie steht's mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld?

4) (find situation or home for) unterbringen ( with bei)

place somebody under somebody's care — jemanden in jemandes Obhut geben

5) (class, identify) einordnen; einstufen

I've seen him before but I can't place him — ich habe ihn schon einmal gesehen, aber ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen soll

be placed second in the race — im Rennen den zweiten Platz belegen

* * *

n.

Ort -e m.

Ortschaft f.

Platzierung f.

Plazierung (alt.Rechtschreibung) f.

Plazierung f.

Stelle -n f.

Stätte -n f. v.

platzieren v.

plazieren (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.

English-german dictionary > place
12 sight

1. noun
1) (faculty) Sehvermögen, das

loss of sight — Verlust des Sehvermögens

second sight — das Zweite Gesicht

near sight — see academic.ru/66874/short_sight">short sight

by sight — mit dem Gesichtssinn od. den Augen

know somebody by sight — jemanden vom Sehen kennen; see also long sight; short sight

2) (act of seeing) Anblick, der

at [the] sight of somebody/blood — bei jemandes Anblick/beim Anblick von Blut

catch sight of somebody/something — (lit. or fig.) jemanden/etwas erblicken

lose sight of somebody/something — (lit. or fig.) jemanden/etwas aus dem Auge od. den Augen verlieren

play something at sight — etwas vom Blatt spielen

shoot somebody at or on sight — jemanden gleich [bei seinem Erscheinen] erschießen

at first sight — auf den ersten Blick

love at first sight — Liebe auf den ersten Blick

3) (spectacle) Anblick, der

be a sorry sight — einen traurigen Anblick od. ein trauriges Bild bieten

it is a sight to see or to behold or worth seeing — das muss man gesehen haben

a sight for sore eyes — eine Augenweide

be/look a [real] sight — (coll.) (amusing) [vollkommen] unmöglich aussehen (ugs.); (horrible) böse od. schlimm aussehen

4) in pl. (noteworthy features) Sehenswürdigkeiten Pl.

see the sights — sich (Dat.) die Sehenswürdigkeiten ansehen

5) (range) Sichtweite, die

in sight — (lit. or fig.) in Sicht

come into sight — in Sicht kommen

keep somebody/something in sight — (lit. or fig.) jemanden/etwas im Auge behalten

within or in sight of somebody/something — (able to see) in jemandes Sichtweite (Dat.) /in Sichtweite einer Sache

out of somebody's sight — außerhalb jemandes Sichtweite

be out of sight — außer Sicht sein; (coll.): (be excellent) wahnsinnig sein (ugs.)

keep or stay out of [somebody's] sight — sich [von jemandem] nicht sehen lassen

keep somebody/something out of sight — jemanden/etwas niemanden sehen lassen

keep something/somebody out of somebody's sight — jemanden etwas/jemanden nicht sehen lassen

not let somebody/something out of one's sight — jemanden/etwas nicht aus den Augen lassen

out of sight, out of mind — (prov.) aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn

6) (device for aiming) Visier, das

sights — Visiervorrichtung, die

set/have [set] one's sights on something — (fig.) etwas anpeilen

set one's sights [too] high — (fig.) seine Ziele [zu] hoch stecken

lower/raise one's sights — (fig.) zurückstecken/sich (Dat.) ein höheres Ziel setzen
2. transitive verb
sichten [Land, Schiff, Flugzeug, Wrack]; sehen [Entflohenen, Vermissten]; antreffen [seltenes Tier, seltene Pflanze]

* * *
1. noun
1) (the act or power of seeing: The blind man had lost his sight in the war.) das Sehvermögen

2) (the area within which things can be seen by someone: The boat was within sight of land; The end of our troubles is in sight.) die Sicht(-weite)

3) (something worth seeing: She took her visitors to see the sights of London.) die Sehenswürdigkeit

4) (a view or glimpse.) der Blick

5) (something seen that is unusual, ridiculous, shocking etc: She's quite a sight in that hat.) der Anblick

6) ((on a gun etc) an apparatus to guide the eye in taking aim: Where is the sight on a rifle?) das Visier
2. verb
1) (to get a view of; to see suddenly: We sighted the coast as dawn broke.) sichten

2) (to look at (something) through the sight of a gun: He sighted his prey and pulled the trigger.) anvisieren

•

- sight-seeing
- sight-seer
- catch sight of
- lose sight of
* * *

sight

[saɪt]

I. n

1. no pl (ability to see)

[sense of] \sight Sehvermögen nt; (strength of vision) Sehleistung f, Sehkraft f

he's got very good \sight er sieht sehr gut

his \sight is deteriorating seine Sehkraft lässt nach

to improve sb's \sight jds Sehleistung verbessern

to lose one's \sight das Sehvermögen verlieren

2. no pl (visual access) Sicht f; (visual range) Sichtweite f, Sicht f

don't let the baby out of your \sight behalte das Baby im Auge

land in \sight! Land in Sicht!

get out of my \sight! ( fam) geh mir aus den Augen!

to be in/come into \sight in Sichtweite sein/kommen

to disappear from \sight außer Sichtweite verschwinden

to keep \sight of sth etw im Auge behalten

to lose \sight of sth/sb ( also fig) etw aus den Augen verlieren a. fig

out of \sight außer [o nicht in] Sichtweite

to keep out of \sight sich akk nicht sehen lassen

to put sth out of \sight etw wegräumen [o verstecken

3. no pl ( fig) Sicht f

in the \sight of God/the law vor Gott/dem Gesetz

a house within \sight of the mountains ein Haus mit Blick auf die Berge

4. no pl (act of seeing) Anblick m

they can't stand the \sight of each other sie können einander nicht ertragen

she faints at the \sight of blood sie wird beim Anblick von Blut ohnmächtig

at first \sight auf den ersten Blick

love at first \sight Liebe f auf den ersten Blick

to catch \sight of sb/sth jdn/etw erblicken

if I ever catch \sight of you again... wenn du mir noch einmal unter die Augen kommst,...

to do sth on \sight etw sofort tun

to hate [or loathe] /be sick of the \sight of sb/sth den Anblick einer Person/einer S. gen hassen/nicht mehr ertragen

to know sb by \sight jdn vom Sehen her kennen

to play [music] at [or from] \sight [Musik] vom Blatt spielen

5. no pl (image, spectacle) Anblick m

to not be a pretty \sight kein angenehmer Anblick sein

to be [or look] a \sight ( fam: ridiculous) lächerlich aussehen; (terrible) furchtbar aussehen

to be a \sight to behold (beautiful) ein herrlicher Anblick sein; (funny) ein Bild [o Anblick] für die Götter sein a. hum fam

6. no pl ( form: inspection) of a document, contract Einsicht f (of in + akk)

to request \sight of the papers Einsicht in die Unterlagen verlangen

7. (attractions)

▪ \sights pl Sehenswürdigkeiten pl

the \sights and sounds of London alle Sehenswürdigkeiten von London

8. (on a gun) Visier nt, Visiereinrichtung f

to line up the \sights das Visier ausrichten

9. no pl ( fam: a lot)

▪ a \sight deutlich, um einiges

food is a darn \sight more expensive than it used to be Essen ist um einiges teurer, als es früher war

he's a \sight better than he was yesterday er ist heute deutlich besser als gestern

10.

▶ to lower one's \sights seine Ziele zurückschrauben

▶ out of \sight, out of mind ( prov) aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn prov

▶ to be out of \sight (beyond what's possible) außerhalb des Möglichen sein [o liegen]; ( fam: excellent) spitze [o toll] sein fam

the price of the house is out of \sight der Preis für das Haus ist unbezahlbar

the group's new record is out of \sight! die neue Platte der Gruppe ist der Wahnsinn! fam

▶ to be a \sight for sore eyes ( fam: welcome sigh) ein willkommener Anblick sein; (attractive) eine [wahre] Augenweide sein

▶ second \sight das zweite Gesicht

she's got the \sight sie hat das zweite Gesicht

▶ to set one's \sights on sth sich dat etw zum Ziel machen

▶ \sight unseen ungesehen, unbesehen SCHWEIZ

I never buy anything \sight unseen ich kaufe niemals etwas ungesehen

▶ to be within [or in] \sight of sth kurz vor etw dat stehen

II. vt

1. (see)

to \sight land/a criminal Land/einen Kriminellen sichten

2.

to \sight a gun ein Gewehr mit einem Visier versehen

* * *
[saɪt]
1. n

1) (= faculty) Sehvermögen nt

the gift of sight — die Gabe des Sehens

long/short sight — Weit-/Kurzsichtigkeit f

to have long/short sight — weit-/kurzsichtig sein

to lose/regain one's sight — sein Augenlicht verlieren/wiedergewinnen

he has very good sight — er sieht sehr gut

sight is the most valuable sense — das Auge ist das wertvollste Sinnesorgan

2)

(= glimpse, seeing) it was my first sight of Paris — das war das Erste, was ich von Paris gesehen habe

to hate sb at first sight or on sight — jdn vom ersten Augenblick an nicht leiden können

at first sight I hated him, but then... —

at first sight it seemed easy — auf den ersten Blick erschien es einfach

to shoot at or on sight — sofort schießen

he played the music by sight — er hat vom Blatt gespielt

love at first sight —

at the sight of the police they ran away — als sie die Polizei sahen, rannten sie weg

to know sb by sight — jdn vom Sehen kennen

to catch sight of sb/sth — jdn/etw entdecken or erblicken

if I catch sight of you round here again... — wenn du mir hier noch einmal unter die Augen kommst,...

don't let me catch sight of you with her again —

to get a sight of sb/sth we had a glorious sight of the mountains — jdn/etw zu sehen or zu Gesicht bekommen wir hatten einen herrlichen Blick auf die Berge

to lose sight of sb/sth (lit, fig) — jdn/etw aus den Augen verlieren

don't lose sight of the fact that... — Sie dürfen nicht außer Acht lassen, dass...

See:

→ second sight

3) (= sth seen) Anblick m

the sight of blood/her makes me sick — wenn ich Blut/sie sehe, wird mir übel

that is the most beautiful sight I've ever seen — das ist das Schönste, was ich je gesehen habe

I hate or can't bear the sight of him/his greasy hair — ich kann ihn/seine fettigen Haare (einfach) nicht ausstehen

to be a sight to see or behold — ein herrlicher Anblick sein; (funny) ein Bild or Anblick für die Götter sein (inf)

what a horrible sight! — das sieht ja furchtbar aus!

it was a sight for sore eyes — es war eine wahre Augenweide

you're a sight for sore eyes — es ist schön, dich zu sehen

4) (inf)

to be or look a sight (funny) — zum Schreien aussehen (inf); (horrible) fürchterlich aussehen

he looks a sight — der sieht vielleicht aus

what a sight you are! — wie siehst du denn aus!

5) (= range of vision) Sicht f

to be in or within sight —

land in sight! — Land in Sicht!

our goal is in sight — unser Ziel ist in greifbare Nähe gerückt

we are in sight of victory — unser Sieg liegt in greifbarer Nähe

we came in sight of the coast — die Küste kam in Sicht

at last we were in sight of land — endlich war Land in Sicht

to keep sb in sight — jdn im Auge behalten

to keep out of sight — sich verborgen halten

to keep sb/sth out of sight — jdn/etw nicht sehen lassen

keep out of my sight! — lass dich bloß bei mir nicht mehr sehen or blicken

to be out of or lost to sight — nicht mehr zu sehen sein, außer Sicht sein

the minute I was out of sight of the school — sobald ich von der Schule aus nicht mehr zu sehen war

when he's out of our sight —

somewhere out of sight a cat was mewing — irgendwo miaute eine (unsichtbare) Katze

don't let the children out of your sight — lass die Kinder nicht aus den Augen

darling, I'll never let you out of my sight again — Schatz, ich lasse dich nie mehr fort

she dropped out of sight after her first movie — nach ihrem ersten Film geriet sie in Vergessenheit

to be lost to sight — nicht mehr zu sehen sein

out of sight, out of mind (Prov) — aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn (Prov)

6) (COMM)

payable at sight — zahlbar bei Sicht

30 days' sight — 30 Tage nach Sicht

sight unseen — unbesehen, ohne Besicht (form)

we need to have sight of the document first — das Dokument muss uns (dat) zuerst vorliegen

7) (fig

= opinion) in sb's sight — in jds Augen (dat)

in the sight of God — vor Gott

8) usu pl (of city etc) Sehenswürdigkeit f

to see the sights of a town etc — eine Stadt etc besichtigen

9) (on telescope etc) Visiereinrichtung f; (on gun) Visier nt

to set one's sights too high (fig) — seine Ziele zu hoch stecken

to lower one's sights (fig) — seine Ansprüche herabsetzen or herunterschrauben

to set one's sights on sth (fig) — ein Auge auf etw (acc) werfen

to have sb/sth in or within one's sights (fig) — jdn/etw im Fadenkreuz haben

10)

(= aim, observation) to take a sight with a gun etc at sth — etw mit einem Gewehr etc anvisieren

11) (inf)

not by a long sight — bei Weitem nicht

a sight better/cheaper — einiges besser/billiger

he's a damn sight cleverer than you think — er ist ein ganzes Ende gescheiter als du meinst (inf)

12) (inf)

out of sight — sagenhaft (sl), der Wahnsinn (inf)

2. vt

1) (= see) sichten (ALSO MIL); person ausmachen

2) gun (= provide with sights) mit Visier versehen; (= adjust sights) richten

* * *

sight [saıt]

A s

1. Sehvermögen n, -kraft f, Auge(nlicht) n:

good sight gute Augen;

long (near) sight Weit-(Kurz)sichtigkeit f;

have second sight das Zweite Gesicht haben;

lose one’s sight das Augenlicht verlieren

2. (An)Blick m, Sicht f:

at ( oder on) sight auf Anhieb, beim ersten Anblick, sofort;

shoot sb at sight jemanden sofort oder ohne Warnung niederschießen;

at the sight of beim Anblick (gen);

my heart sank at the sight of him als ich ihn sah;

at first sight auf den ersten Blick;

play (sing, translate) at sight vom Blatt spielen (singen, übersetzen);

catch sight of erblicken;

know by sight vom Sehen kennen;

lose sight of

a) aus den Augen verlieren (a. fig),

b) fig etwas übersehen;

she can’t bear ( oder stand) the sight of blood sie kann kein Blut sehen

3. fig Auge n:

in my sight in meinen Augen;

in the sight of God vor Gott;

find favo(u)r in sb’s sight Gnade vor jemandes Augen finden

4. Sicht(weite) f:

(with)in sight

a) in Sicht(weite),

b) fig in Sicht;

within sight of the victory den Sieg (dicht) vor Augen;

out of sight außer Sicht;

out of sight, out of mind (Sprichwort) aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn;

there’s no end in sight ein Ende ist nicht abzusehen;

be nowhere in sight nirgends zu sehen sein;

come in sight in Sicht kommen;

(get) out of my sight! geh mir aus den Augen!;

put out of sight

a) wegtun,

b) umg Essen wegputzen;

remain out of sight nach wie vor nicht in Sicht sein

5. WIRTSCH Sicht f:

payable at sight bei Sicht fällig;

bill (payable) at sight Sichtwechsel m;

30 days (after) sight 30 Tage (nach) Sicht;

bill (payable) after sight Nachsichtwechsel m;

buy sth sight unseen etwas unbesehen kaufen

6. Anblick m:

a sorry sight;

you’re sight for sore eyes umg

a) schön, dich wieder mal zu sehen

b) dich gibt’s ja auch noch!;

be ( oder look) a sight umg verboten oder zum Abschießen aussehen;

I did look a sight umg ich sah vielleicht aus;

what a sight you are! umg wie siehst du denn aus!; → god 1

7. Sehenswürdigkeit f:

his roses were a sight to see seine Rosen waren eine Sehenswürdigkeit;

see the sights of a town die Sehenswürdigkeiten einer Stadt besichtigen

8. umg Menge f, Masse f, Haufen m (Geld etc):

a long sight better zehnmal besser;

not by a long sight bei Weitem nicht

9. ASTRON, JAGD, MIL, TECH Visier(einrichtung) n(f):

take (a careful) sight (genau) (an)visieren oder zielen;

have in one’s sights, have one’s sights set on im Visier haben (a. fig);

lower one’s sights fig Abstriche machen, zurückstecken;

raise one’s sights fig höhere Ziele anstreben;

set one’s sights on sth fig etwas ins Auge fassen;

set one’s sights a bit higher sich etwas höhere Ziele stecken; → full sight

10. ASTRON, SCHIFF (mit Winkelinstrument gemessene oder bestimmte) Höhe (eines Gestirns)

B v/t

1. sichten, erblicken

2. MIL

a) anvisieren ( auch ASTRON, SCHIFF)

b) das Geschütz richten

c) eine Waffe etc mit einem Visier versehen

3. WIRTSCH einen Wechsel präsentieren

C v/i zielen, visieren

* * *
1. noun
1) (faculty) Sehvermögen, das

loss of sight — Verlust des Sehvermögens

second sight — das Zweite Gesicht

near sight — see short sight

by sight — mit dem Gesichtssinn od. den Augen

know somebody by sight — jemanden vom Sehen kennen; see also long sight; short sight

2) (act of seeing) Anblick, der

at [the] sight of somebody/blood — bei jemandes Anblick/beim Anblick von Blut

catch sight of somebody/something — (lit. or fig.) jemanden/etwas erblicken

lose sight of somebody/something — (lit. or fig.) jemanden/etwas aus dem Auge od. den Augen verlieren

play something at sight — etwas vom Blatt spielen

shoot somebody at or on sight — jemanden gleich [bei seinem Erscheinen] erschießen

at first sight — auf den ersten Blick

love at first sight — Liebe auf den ersten Blick

3) (spectacle) Anblick, der

be a sorry sight — einen traurigen Anblick od. ein trauriges Bild bieten

it is a sight to see or to behold or worth seeing — das muss man gesehen haben

a sight for sore eyes — eine Augenweide

be/look a [real] sight — (coll.) (amusing) [vollkommen] unmöglich aussehen (ugs.); (horrible) böse od. schlimm aussehen

4) in pl. (noteworthy features) Sehenswürdigkeiten Pl.

see the sights — sich (Dat.) die Sehenswürdigkeiten ansehen

5) (range) Sichtweite, die

in sight — (lit. or fig.) in Sicht

come into sight — in Sicht kommen

keep somebody/something in sight — (lit. or fig.) jemanden/etwas im Auge behalten

within or in sight of somebody/something — (able to see) in jemandes Sichtweite (Dat.) /in Sichtweite einer Sache

out of somebody's sight — außerhalb jemandes Sichtweite

be out of sight — außer Sicht sein; (coll.): (be excellent) wahnsinnig sein (ugs.)

keep or stay out of [somebody's] sight — sich [von jemandem] nicht sehen lassen

keep somebody/something out of sight — jemanden/etwas niemanden sehen lassen

keep something/somebody out of somebody's sight — jemanden etwas/jemanden nicht sehen lassen

not let somebody/something out of one's sight — jemanden/etwas nicht aus den Augen lassen

out of sight, out of mind — (prov.) aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn

6) (device for aiming) Visier, das

sights — Visiervorrichtung, die

set/have [set] one's sights on something — (fig.) etwas anpeilen

set one's sights [too] high — (fig.) seine Ziele [zu] hoch stecken

lower/raise one's sights — (fig.) zurückstecken/sich (Dat.) ein höheres Ziel setzen
2. transitive verb
sichten [Land, Schiff, Flugzeug, Wrack]; sehen [Entflohenen, Vermissten]; antreffen [seltenes Tier, seltene Pflanze]

* * *

n.

Anblick -e m.

Sehkraft -¨e f.

Sehvermögen n. v.

sichten v.

English-german dictionary > sight
13 force(s)

сила; группа; группировка; формирования; части и соединения [подразделения]; мор. отряд; соединение; pl. войска, силы; вооруженные силы, ВС; форсировать

ACE mobile force(s), Air — мобильные ВВС ОВС НАТО в Европе

ACE mobile force(s), Land — мобильные СВ ОВС НАТО в Европе

Air forces, Gulf — Бр. ВВС в районе Персидского залива

Air forces, Northern Army Group BBC — Северной группы армий (ОВС НАТО в Европе)

Allied forces, Central [Northern, Southern] Europe — ОВС НАТО на Центрально-Европейском [Северо-Европейском, Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied forces, Europe OBC — НАТО в Европе

Allied Land forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОСВ НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied Naval forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОВМС НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

carrier submarine detection [search] and striking force — ПЛ авианосная поисково-ударная группа

earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска [силы], выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение (командования НАТО)

insert a force (into the area) — высаживать десант; десантировать (часть, подразделение)

Marine (Corps) land combat forces — наземные боевые силы МП

Marine (Corps) operating forces — оперативные силы МП

Mobile ACE force (Land) — сухопутный компонент мобильных сил ОВС НАТО в Европе

mobile logistical (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

mobile logistics (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

NATO-earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска, выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение командования НАТО

On-Call Naval force, Mediterranean — оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Средиземном море для действий по вызову

rapid deployment force, Air — авиационный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Army — сухопутный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Navy — военноморской компонент СВР

special service force (mobile command) — Кан. группа войск специального назначения (мобильного командования)

Standing Naval force, Atlantic — постоянное оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Атлантике

UN Peace Keeping forces, Cyprus — ВС ООН по поддержанию мира на Кипре

US forces, Europe — ВС США в Европейской зоне

— ACE mobile forces

— active duty force

— active duty ground forces

— active forces

— active strategic airlift forces

— ad hoc force

— advance covering force

— advanced force

— aeronuclear force

— aerospace forces

— Aerospace Security force

— Aerospace Special Operations forces

— Aerospace Strategic Defensive forces

— air and missile defense forces

— air assault forces

— air base forces

— air cavalry forces

— air combat forces

— air defense force

— Air Fleet Marine forces

— Air Force forces

— Air Force general purpose combat forces

— air force

— Air forces

— air intelligence force

— air logistics forces

— air maneuver forces

— air materiel forces

— air mechanized forces

— air mobility forces

— Air Self-Defense force

— air service forces

— Air Special forces

— air striking force

— air support force

— air transport force

— air transported force

— airborne fighting force

— airborne force

— aircraft alert force

— aircraft carrier strike force

— airlift force

— airlift mine-sweeping forces

— air-mission force

— airmobile forces

— airmobile reaction force

— airmobile search force

— airspace forces

— alarm force

— alert force

— Allied Air forces OBBC

— Allied Atlantic forces OBC

— Allied Canadian forces

— allied expeditionary forces

— allied force

— Allied forces OBC

— Allied mobile forces

— Allied mobile nuclear forces

— Allied Naval Attack forces

— Allied Naval forces OBMC

— Allied On-Call Naval force

— Allied Tactical Air force

— all-nuclear submarine force

— all-regular forces

— All-Volunteer forces

— ambush force

— amphibious assault force

— amphibious invasion forces

— amphibious striking forces

— antiaircraft carrier force

— antiguerilla forces

— antimissile force

— antisabotage force

— antisubmarine attack carrier force

— antisubmarine force

— antiterrorist forces

— area damage control forces

— Armed forces of the Crown

— Armed forces of the US

— Armed forces

— armored forces

— armored ground-gaining forces

— armoured breaching force

— Army air defense forces

— Army Cadet forces

— Army combat forces

— army field forces

— Army forces

— Army general purpose combat forces

— Army Group Air forces

— Army land forces

— Army landing force

— Army light forces

— assault force

— assault landing forces

— assigned forces

— ASW forces

— ASW strategic defensive forces

— Atlantic Air Defense force

— Atlantic force

— attack force

— attack helicopter task force

— attack submarine force

— augmentation forces

— augmentation reserve force

— auxiliary cadet forces

— auxiliary forces

— auxiliary naval force

— aviation engineer force

— backup alert force

— backup forces

— balanced collective forces

— balanced forces

— barrier forces

— base defense force

— base force

— baseline force

— battle tank force

— battlefield forces

— blocking force

— blue forces

— blue-water force

— BM force

— bomber force

— bomber-missile force

— border-security forces

— breaching force

— breakthrough force

— bridgehead covering forces

— British forces

— build-up force

— build-up forces

— capital intensive forces

— career intensive force

— carrier air forces

— carrier battle force

— carrier force

— carrier search and attack force

— carrier striking force

— carrier-based naval air forces

— cat's-paw force

— Central Air Defense force

— citizens military forces

— civilian work force

— clandestine forces

— clerical stenographic force

— coalition forces

— coast missile/cannon forces

— coastal force

— collective forces OBC

— combat air force

— combat engineer forces

— combat force

— combat logistics forces

— combat maneuver force

— combat support and service forces

— combat support forces

— combative force

— combined air forces

— Combined Cadet force

— combined force

— combined land forces

— combined naval forces

— combined service forces

— commando force

— committed force

— Commonwealth Military forces

— communications and electronics forces

— composite air strike force

— contact force

— containing force

— contingency force

— conventional armed forces

— corps group force

— counterforce-capable forces

— counterinsurgency forces

— counterintelligence force

— countermove force

— counterpenetration force

— counterstrike force

— covering force

— covert forces

— credible strategic deterrent forces

— crossing force

— cruiser-destroyer force

— custodian force

— cutoff force

— cutting edge forces

— D-day forces

— deep penetration forces

— defending force

— defense forces

— defensive air force

— defensive forces

— delaying force

— deployable forces

— deployed forces

— destruction force

— detached force

— deterrent forces

— deterrent-oriented nuclear forces

— development forces

— direct pressure forces

— disengagement forces

— district forces

— divert forces from

— division ready force

— divisional forces

— draw off enemy forces

— dual-based forces

— dual-capable forces

— dual-purpose forces

— early readiness forces

— earmarked for assignment on mobilization forces

— economize forces on one front

— economy force

— effective forces

— emergency reaction forces

— emergency recovery forces

— encircling force

— enemy-oriented force

— enhanced combined arms force

— enveloping force

— erode enemy forces

— escort forces

— establish a force ashore

— European Defense forces

— European nuclear forces

— European theater ground forces

— Eurostrategic nuclear forces

— EW forces

— execute force

— expeditionary forces

— expeditionary lodgement forces

— experimental naval forces

— exploiting force

— external force

— extraterrestrial defense forces

— extraterritorial intervention forces

— fast carrier force

— fast landing force

— field force

— field forces

— field tactical force

— fighter bomber attack force

— firing reconnaissance force

— fixing force

— flank covering force

— Fleet Marine Air force

— Fleet Marine force

— Fleet Submarine forces

— Fleet Surface forces

— fleet-based air force

— flexible response force

— flying forces

— follow and support forces

— follow-on forces

— follow-up forces

— footmobile forces

— force back

— force down

— force of arms

— force off

— force out

— forces allocated to NATO

— forces from outside the area

— forces with colours

— foreign-stationed forces

— forward area defensive forces

— forward combat forces

— forward forces

— forward frontier defense forces

— forward tactically committed forces

— forward-based forces

— fragment forces

— friendly forces

— frontier-guarding force

— front-line forces

— garrison forces

— general covering force

— general nuclear war force

— general purpose forces

— general purpose strategic forces

— general support forces

— ground combat forces

— ground forces

— ground mobile forces

— ground-gaining forces

— guard force

— guerrilla force

— Gurkha field force

— heliborne forces

— helicopter assault force

— Her Majesty forces

— high-mix force

— holding force

— Home Defence Air force

— Home Defence forces

— Home forces

— Home Service forces

— hunter-killer force

— hydrofoil assault force

— immediate reaction force

— immediate ready force

— immediate reserve forces

— in force

— incoming force

— indigenous forces

— infantry force

— initial protective forces

— initial reaction forces

— in-place forces

— instant-reaction forces

— insurgent paramilitary forces

— insurgent tactical forces

— integrated combined arms force

— Interallied Nuclear force

— intercontinental attack forces

— intercontinental forces

— intermediate range nuclear forces

— international forces

— international military forces

— International Peace force

— interservice force

— intervention forces

— invading force

— invasion force

— investing force

— invulnerable second strike forces

— irregular forces

— Joint Air Defense force

— joint expeditionary force

— joint forces

— Joint NATO forces

— joint nuclear forces

— joint unconventional warfare forces

— land forces

— Land Marine forces

— land special security forces

— land-based air forces

— land-based force

— land-based naval air force

— land-based strategic missile forces

— land-based strategic offensive forces

— landing force

— left-in-contact forces

— light naval forces

— linked-up force

— link-up force

— local forces

— local police forces

— lodgement forces

— logistics support forces

— long-range attack forces

— long-range nuclear strike force

— long-range theater nuclear forces

— MAC force

— main attack force

— main battle area forces

— main battle forces

— main defensive forces

— main fighting forces

— major allied force

— major forces

— makeshift force

— maneuver and exploitation force

— maneuver force

— maneuvering force

— maneuver-oriented force

— Marine Air forces

— Marine amphibious force

— Marine Corps operating forces not otherwise assigned

— Marine Corps Security forces

— Marine Corps Service forces

— Marine Defense forces

— Marine expeditionary force

— Marine ground forces

— maritime forces

— maritime response force

— Maritime Self-Defense force

— massed threat armor force

— master-at-arms force

— match forces

— M-day forces

— M-day mobile ground forces

— mechanized force

— member air forces

— member forces

— Middle East force

— military air forces

— military airlift forces

— military force

— mine-sweeping forces

— missile defense forces

— missile force

— mixed fighter force

— mixed force

— mixed silo-mobile field launcher missile forces

— mobile air forces

— mobile AT force

— mobile counterattack forces

— mobile exploiting forces

— mobile forces

— mobile forward forces

— mobile land forces

— mobile maritime forces

— mobile nuclear forces

— mobile striking force

— mobile support force

— mobile world-wide striking force

— mobility forces

— mobility support forces

— mobilization forces

— motorized rifle forces

— mountain infantry forces

— mounted force

— multilateral forces

— multilateral nuclear forces

— multimission forces

— multinational forces

— multinational ground forces

— multinational naval force

— multinational naval patrol forces

— multiple-based BM force

— multipurpose aircraft carrier force

— multipurpose forces

— multithreat force

— named air force

— National forces

— National Reserve forces

— NATO airborne early warning forces

— NATO forces

— NATO Naval Attack forces

— NATO Nuclear forces

— NATO Standing Naval force

— NATO Theater Nuclear Weapons forces

— NATO-assigned forces

— NATO-command forces

— NATO-committed forces

— naval air forces

— naval assault force

— Naval Attack and Support force

— naval emergency ground defense force

— naval force

— Naval forces

— naval local defense forces

— Naval Mobile Support forces

— naval operating forces

— naval power projection forces

— naval presence forces

— naval surface force

— Navy Special forces

— NBC forces

— near-term prepositioned force

— near-term prepositioning force

— New Defensive Nuclear forces

— non-aligned forces

— non-allocated forces

— non-ICBM forces

— non-NATO forces

— nonnuclear forces

— nonorganic forces

— non-US NATO forces

— Northern Air Defense force

— notional force

— nuclear capable forces

— nuclear delivery forces

— nuclear deterrent forces

— nuclear forces of tactical range category

— nuclear forces

— nuclear military forces

— Nuclear Missile Submarine force

— nuclear reprisal forces

— nuclear retaliation forces

— nuclear retaliatory forces

— nuclear strike and attack forces

— nuclear striking force

— nuclear-nonnuclear force

— numbered air force

— numerically superior forces

— observer forces

— occupation force

— offensive air force

— offensive forces

— offensive-oriented forces

— office force

— on-call force

— on-call search-strike ASW forces

— one-shot force

— on-line forces

— operating forces

— operational development forces

— operational forces

— operational strategic nuclear forces

— opposing forces

— orange forces

— organic forces

— other forces for NATO

— outpost forces

— overseas Armed forces

— overseas operations striking forces

— overt irregular force

— own forces

— Pacific Air force

— packaged forces

— Parachute Contingency force

— paramilitary forces

— paramilitary police forces

— peace-keeping forces

— phase forces into the objective area

— pit forces

— pivot force

— police force

— power projection forces

— preemptive counter force

— primary action force

— professional volunteer forces

— protect force

— proxy forces

— public school cadet force

— pure tank force

— quadripartite forces

— quantitatively superior forces

— quasi-military force

— quick deployment forces

— quick reaction alert fighter force

— quick reaction alert forces

— quick-reaction aircraft carrier forces

— quick-reaction forces

— quick-strike forces

— radar hunter-killer force

— RAF general purpose combat forces

— raiding force

— rapid defense force

— rapid deployment force standby forces

— rapid deployment force

— rapid response air-ground task force

— rapidly deployable Army combat forces

— rapid-reaction forces

— reaction force

— readiness force

— ready reserve force

— rear area security forces

— rear covering force

— reconnaissance air force

— reconstitute forces

— recycle forces

— red forces

— reflex forces

— regional forces

— regional nuclear forces

— Regular Air forces

— regular forces

— reinforcement force

— reinforcing force

— relief force

— reserve force

— residual forces

— residual ground forces in the area

— response forces

— responsive forces

— restricted force

— retaliatory forces

— river assault interdiction forces

— riverine force

— robot air force

— Royal Air force

— Royal Auxiliary Air forces

— Royal Marine amphibious forces

— Royal Marine Commando forces

— rupture force

— satellite forces

— scouting force

— scrap force

— screening force

— sea frontier forces

— sea-based forces

— sea-communications protection forces

— sea-control forces

— sea-denial forces

— sea-lane protection forces

— sealift force

— search and strike force

— second echelon forces

— second echelon maneuver forces

— security assistance force

— security forces

— service force

— sign up with the forces

— signal force

— silo forces

— similar-type forces

— single-strike force

— skeleton forces

— Southern Air Defense forces

— special action forces

— special air warfare forces

— special boat forces

— special forces for emergency employment

— special landing forces

— Special Mission forces

— special operating forces

— special reinforcement forces

— special use forces

— specialist reinforcement force

— split up forces

— standby forces

— standing forces

— standing naval force

— Standing Reserve force

— stationary missile forces

— stave enemy forces

— strategic air forces

— strategic airlift forces

— strategic Army forces CB

— strategic aviation forces

— strategic defensive force

— strategic deterrent forces

— strategic forces

— strategic lift forces

— strategic missile forces

— strategic mobile forces

— strategic mobility forces

— strategic nuclear forces

— strategic offensive forces

— strategic projection forces

— strategic reserve engineer forces

— strategic reserve forces

— strategic retaliatory forces

— strategic striking forces

— strategic survival forces

— strategic/tactical nuclear force

— Strike Command tanker force

— strike force

— subconventional force

— submarine forces

— submarine striking forces

— submerged forces

— superior forces

— supervisory forces

— supply forces

— support forces

— supporting air forces

— supporting forces

— suppression forces

— suppression strike force

— surface assault force

— surface combatant forces

— surface striking force

— surrogate forces

— survivable retaliatory forces

— survival forces

— swing forces

— switch forces

— tactical air force

— tactical air strike force

— tactical airborne force

— tactical forces

— tactical nuclear-capable forces

— tactical reinforcement forces

— tactical theater nuclear forces

— tactically committed forces

— tank destroyer forces

— tank force

— tanker force

— task air force

— task force

— territorial forces

— territorial security forces

— theater air defense forces

— Theater Allied Air forces

— Theater Allied forces

— Theater Allied Land forces

— Theater Allied Naval forces

— theater forces

— theater nuclear forces

— threat forces

— tie-down forces

— token force

— Total forces

— transport air force

— trip wire forces

— troop forces

— troop-carrier force

— truce forces

— turning force

— type force

— UK Air forces

— UK Land forces CB

— UK Mobile force

— UN Disengagement Observer forces

— UN Emergency forces

— UN Interim force in Lebanon

— uncommitted force

— unconventional warfare forces

— unengaged forces

— unilateral forces

— uniservice force

— united forces

— universal cover force

— US Air forces

— US Armed forces

— vacuum forces

— visiting armed force

— voluntary reserve forces

— war-limiting forces

— wartime augmentation force

— withdrawing force

— Women's Auxiliary Air force

English-Russian military dictionary > force(s)
14 force(s)

сила; группа; группировка; формирования; части и соединения [подразделения]; мор. отряд; соединение; pl. войска, силы; вооруженные силы, ВС; форсировать

ACE mobile force(s), Air — мобильные ВВС ОВС НАТО в Европе

ACE mobile force(s), Land — мобильные СВ ОВС НАТО в Европе

Air forces, Gulf — Бр. ВВС в районе Персидского залива

Air forces, Northern Army Group BBC — Северной группы армий (ОВС НАТО в Европе)

Allied forces, Central [Northern, Southern] Europe — ОВС НАТО на Центрально-Европейском [Северо-Европейском, Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied forces, Europe OBC — НАТО в Европе

Allied Land forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОСВ НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied Naval forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОВМС НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

carrier submarine detection [search] and striking force — ПЛ авианосная поисково-ударная группа

earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска [силы], выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение (командования НАТО)

insert a force (into the area) — высаживать десант; десантировать (часть, подразделение)

Marine (Corps) land combat forces — наземные боевые силы МП

Marine (Corps) operating forces — оперативные силы МП

Mobile ACE force (Land) — сухопутный компонент мобильных сил ОВС НАТО в Европе

mobile logistical (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

mobile logistics (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

NATO-earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска, выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение командования НАТО

On-Call Naval force, Mediterranean — оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Средиземном море для действий по вызову

rapid deployment force, Air — авиационный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Army — сухопутный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Navy — военноморской компонент СВР

special service force (mobile command) — Кан. группа войск специального назначения (мобильного командования)

Standing Naval force, Atlantic — постоянное оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Атлантике

UN Peace Keeping forces, Cyprus — ВС ООН по поддержанию мира на Кипре

US forces, Europe — ВС США в Европейской зоне

— ACE mobile forces

— active duty force

— active duty ground forces

— active forces

— active strategic airlift forces

— ad hoc force

— advance covering force

— advanced force

— aeronuclear force

— aerospace forces

— Aerospace Security force

— Aerospace Special Operations forces

— Aerospace Strategic Defensive forces

— air and missile defense forces

— air assault forces

— air base forces

— air cavalry forces

— air combat forces

— air defense force

— Air Fleet Marine forces

— Air Force forces

— Air Force general purpose combat forces

— air force

— Air forces

— air intelligence force

— air logistics forces

— air maneuver forces

— air materiel forces

— air mechanized forces

— air mobility forces

— Air Self-Defense force

— air service forces

— Air Special forces

— air striking force

— air support force

— air transport force

— air transported force

— airborne fighting force

— airborne force

— aircraft alert force

— aircraft carrier strike force

— airlift force

— airlift mine-sweeping forces

— air-mission force

— airmobile forces

— airmobile reaction force

— airmobile search force

— airspace forces

— alarm force

— alert force

— Allied Air forces OBBC

— Allied Atlantic forces OBC

— Allied Canadian forces

— allied expeditionary forces

— allied force

— Allied forces OBC

— Allied mobile forces

— Allied mobile nuclear forces

— Allied Naval Attack forces

— Allied Naval forces OBMC

— Allied On-Call Naval force

— Allied Tactical Air force

— all-nuclear submarine force

— all-regular forces

— All-Volunteer forces

— ambush force

— amphibious assault force

— amphibious invasion forces

— amphibious striking forces

— antiaircraft carrier force

— antiguerilla forces

— antimissile force

— antisabotage force

— antisubmarine attack carrier force

— antisubmarine force

— antiterrorist forces

— area damage control forces

— Armed forces of the Crown

— Armed forces of the US

— Armed forces

— armored forces

— armored ground-gaining forces

— armoured breaching force

— Army air defense forces

— Army Cadet forces

— Army combat forces

— army field forces

— Army forces

— Army general purpose combat forces

— Army Group Air forces

— Army land forces

— Army landing force

— Army light forces

— assault force

— assault landing forces

— assigned forces

— ASW forces

— ASW strategic defensive forces

— Atlantic Air Defense force

— Atlantic force

— attack force

— attack helicopter task force

— attack submarine force

— augmentation forces

— augmentation reserve force

— auxiliary cadet forces

— auxiliary forces

— auxiliary naval force

— aviation engineer force

— backup alert force

— backup forces

— balanced collective forces

— balanced forces

— barrier forces

— base defense force

— base force

— baseline force

— battle tank force

— battlefield forces

— blocking force

— blue forces

— blue-water force

— BM force

— bomber force

— bomber-missile force

— border-security forces

— breaching force

— breakthrough force

— bridgehead covering forces

— British forces

— build-up force

— build-up forces

— capital intensive forces

— career intensive force

— carrier air forces

— carrier battle force

— carrier force

— carrier search and attack force

— carrier striking force

— carrier-based naval air forces

— cat's-paw force

— Central Air Defense force

— citizens military forces

— civilian work force

— clandestine forces

— clerical stenographic force

— coalition forces

— coast missile/cannon forces

— coastal force

— collective forces OBC

— combat air force

— combat engineer forces

— combat force

— combat logistics forces

— combat maneuver force

— combat support and service forces

— combat support forces

— combative force

— combined air forces

— Combined Cadet force

— combined force

— combined land forces

— combined naval forces

— combined service forces

— commando force

— committed force

— Commonwealth Military forces

— communications and electronics forces

— composite air strike force

— contact force

— containing force

— contingency force

— conventional armed forces

— corps group force

— counterforce-capable forces

— counterinsurgency forces

— counterintelligence force

— countermove force

— counterpenetration force

— counterstrike force

— covering force

— covert forces

— credible strategic deterrent forces

— crossing force

— cruiser-destroyer force

— custodian force

— cutoff force

— cutting edge forces

— D-day forces

— deep penetration forces

— defending force

— defense forces

— defensive air force

— defensive forces

— delaying force

— deployable forces

— deployed forces

— destruction force

— detached force

— deterrent forces

— deterrent-oriented nuclear forces

— development forces

— direct pressure forces

— disengagement forces

— district forces

— divert forces from

— division ready force

— divisional forces

— draw off enemy forces

— dual-based forces

— dual-capable forces

— dual-purpose forces

— early readiness forces

— earmarked for assignment on mobilization forces

— economize forces on one front

— economy force

— effective forces

— emergency reaction forces

— emergency recovery forces

— encircling force

— enemy-oriented force

— enhanced combined arms force

— enveloping force

— erode enemy forces

— escort forces

— establish a force ashore

— European Defense forces

— European nuclear forces

— European theater ground forces

— Eurostrategic nuclear forces

— EW forces

— execute force

— expeditionary forces

— expeditionary lodgement forces

— experimental naval forces

— exploiting force

— external force

— extraterrestrial defense forces

— extraterritorial intervention forces

— fast carrier force

— fast landing force

— field force

— field forces

— field tactical force

— fighter bomber attack force

— firing reconnaissance force

— fixing force

— flank covering force

— Fleet Marine Air force

— Fleet Marine force

— Fleet Submarine forces

— Fleet Surface forces

— fleet-based air force

— flexible response force

— flying forces

— follow and support forces

— follow-on forces

— follow-up forces

— footmobile forces

— force back

— force down

— force of arms

— force off

— force out

— forces allocated to NATO

— forces from outside the area

— forces with colours

— foreign-stationed forces

— forward area defensive forces

— forward combat forces

— forward forces

— forward frontier defense forces

— forward tactically committed forces

— forward-based forces

— fragment forces

— friendly forces

— frontier-guarding force

— front-line forces

— garrison forces

— general covering force

— general nuclear war force

— general purpose forces

— general purpose strategic forces

— general support forces

— ground combat forces

— ground forces

— ground mobile forces

— ground-gaining forces

— guard force

— guerrilla force

— Gurkha field force

— heliborne forces

— helicopter assault force

— Her Majesty forces

— high-mix force

— holding force

— Home Defence Air force

— Home Defence forces

— Home forces

— Home Service forces

— hunter-killer force

— hydrofoil assault force

— immediate reaction force

— immediate ready force

— immediate reserve forces

— in force

— incoming force

— indigenous forces

— infantry force

— initial protective forces

— initial reaction forces

— in-place forces

— instant-reaction forces

— insurgent paramilitary forces

— insurgent tactical forces

— integrated combined arms force

— Interallied Nuclear force

— intercontinental attack forces

— intercontinental forces

— intermediate range nuclear forces

— international forces

— international military forces

— International Peace force

— interservice force

— intervention forces

— invading force

— invasion force

— investing force

— invulnerable second strike forces

— irregular forces

— Joint Air Defense force

— joint expeditionary force

— joint forces

— Joint NATO forces

— joint nuclear forces

— joint unconventional warfare forces

— land forces

— Land Marine forces

— land special security forces

— land-based air forces

— land-based force

— land-based naval air force

— land-based strategic missile forces

— land-based strategic offensive forces

— landing force

— left-in-contact forces

— light naval forces

— linked-up force

— link-up force

— local forces

— local police forces

— lodgement forces

— logistics support forces

— long-range attack forces

— long-range nuclear strike force

— long-range theater nuclear forces

— MAC force

— main attack force

— main battle area forces

— main battle forces

— main defensive forces

— main fighting forces

— major allied force

— major forces

— makeshift force

— maneuver and exploitation force

— maneuver force

— maneuvering force

— maneuver-oriented force

— Marine Air forces

— Marine amphibious force

— Marine Corps operating forces not otherwise assigned

— Marine Corps Security forces

— Marine Corps Service forces

— Marine Defense forces

— Marine expeditionary force

— Marine ground forces

— maritime forces

— maritime response force

— Maritime Self-Defense force

— massed threat armor force

— master-at-arms force

— match forces

— M-day forces

— M-day mobile ground forces

— mechanized force

— member air forces

— member forces

— Middle East force

— military air forces

— military airlift forces

— military force

— mine-sweeping forces

— missile defense forces

— missile force

— mixed fighter force

— mixed force

— mixed silo-mobile field launcher missile forces

— mobile air forces

— mobile AT force

— mobile counterattack forces

— mobile exploiting forces

— mobile forces

— mobile forward forces

— mobile land forces

— mobile maritime forces

— mobile nuclear forces

— mobile striking force

— mobile support force

— mobile world-wide striking force

— mobility forces

— mobility support forces

— mobilization forces

— motorized rifle forces

— mountain infantry forces

— mounted force

— multilateral forces

— multilateral nuclear forces

— multimission forces

— multinational forces

— multinational ground forces

— multinational naval force

— multinational naval patrol forces

— multiple-based BM force

— multipurpose aircraft carrier force

— multipurpose forces

— multithreat force

— named air force

— National forces

— National Reserve forces

— NATO airborne early warning forces

— NATO forces

— NATO Naval Attack forces

— NATO Nuclear forces

— NATO Standing Naval force

— NATO Theater Nuclear Weapons forces

— NATO-assigned forces

— NATO-command forces

— NATO-committed forces

— naval air forces

— naval assault force

— Naval Attack and Support force

— naval emergency ground defense force

— naval force

— Naval forces

— naval local defense forces

— Naval Mobile Support forces

— naval operating forces

— naval power projection forces

— naval presence forces

— naval surface force

— Navy Special forces

— NBC forces

— near-term prepositioned force

— near-term prepositioning force

— New Defensive Nuclear forces

— non-aligned forces

— non-allocated forces

— non-ICBM forces

— non-NATO forces

— nonnuclear forces

— nonorganic forces

— non-US NATO forces

— Northern Air Defense force

— notional force

— nuclear capable forces

— nuclear delivery forces

— nuclear deterrent forces

— nuclear forces of tactical range category

— nuclear forces

— nuclear military forces

— Nuclear Missile Submarine force

— nuclear reprisal forces

— nuclear retaliation forces

— nuclear retaliatory forces

— nuclear strike and attack forces

— nuclear striking force

— nuclear-nonnuclear force

— numbered air force

— numerically superior forces

— observer forces

— occupation force

— offensive air force

— offensive forces

— offensive-oriented forces

— office force

— on-call force

— on-call search-strike ASW forces

— one-shot force

— on-line forces

— operating forces

— operational development forces

— operational forces

— operational strategic nuclear forces

— opposing forces

— orange forces

— organic forces

— other forces for NATO

— outpost forces

— overseas Armed forces

— overseas operations striking forces

— overt irregular force

— own forces

— Pacific Air force

— packaged forces

— Parachute Contingency force

— paramilitary forces

— paramilitary police forces

— peace-keeping forces

— phase forces into the objective area

— pit forces

— pivot force

— police force

— power projection forces

— preemptive counter force

— primary action force

— professional volunteer forces

— protect force

— proxy forces

— public school cadet force

— pure tank force

— quadripartite forces

— quantitatively superior forces

— quasi-military force

— quick deployment forces

— quick reaction alert fighter force

— quick reaction alert forces

— quick-reaction aircraft carrier forces

— quick-reaction forces

— quick-strike forces

— radar hunter-killer force

— RAF general purpose combat forces

— raiding force

— rapid defense force

— rapid deployment force standby forces

— rapid deployment force

— rapid response air-ground task force

— rapidly deployable Army combat forces

— rapid-reaction forces

— reaction force

— readiness force

— ready reserve force

— rear area security forces

— rear covering force

— reconnaissance air force

— reconstitute forces

— recycle forces

— red forces

— reflex forces

— regional forces

— regional nuclear forces

— Regular Air forces

— regular forces

— reinforcement force

— reinforcing force

— relief force

— reserve force

— residual forces

— residual ground forces in the area

— response forces

— responsive forces

— restricted force

— retaliatory forces

— river assault interdiction forces

— riverine force

— robot air force

— Royal Air force

— Royal Auxiliary Air forces

— Royal Marine amphibious forces

— Royal Marine Commando forces

— rupture force

— satellite forces

— scouting force

— scrap force

— screening force

— sea frontier forces

— sea-based forces

— sea-communications protection forces

— sea-control forces

— sea-denial forces

— sea-lane protection forces

— sealift force

— search and strike force

— second echelon forces

— second echelon maneuver forces

— security assistance force

— security forces

— service force

— sign up with the forces

— signal force

— silo forces

— similar-type forces

— single-strike force

— skeleton forces

— Southern Air Defense forces

— special action forces

— special air warfare forces

— special boat forces

— special forces for emergency employment

— special landing forces

— Special Mission forces

— special operating forces

— special reinforcement forces

— special use forces

— specialist reinforcement force

— split up forces

— standby forces

— standing forces

— standing naval force

— Standing Reserve force

— stationary missile forces

— stave enemy forces

— strategic air forces

— strategic airlift forces

— strategic Army forces CB

— strategic aviation forces

— strategic defensive force

— strategic deterrent forces

— strategic forces

— strategic lift forces

— strategic missile forces

— strategic mobile forces

— strategic mobility forces

— strategic nuclear forces

— strategic offensive forces

— strategic projection forces

— strategic reserve engineer forces

— strategic reserve forces

— strategic retaliatory forces

— strategic striking forces

— strategic survival forces

— strategic/tactical nuclear force

— Strike Command tanker force

— strike force

— subconventional force

— submarine forces

— submarine striking forces

— submerged forces

— superior forces

— supervisory forces

— supply forces

— support forces

— supporting air forces

— supporting forces

— suppression forces

— suppression strike force

— surface assault force

— surface combatant forces

— surface striking force

— surrogate forces

— survivable retaliatory forces

— survival forces

— swing forces

— switch forces

— tactical air force

— tactical air strike force

— tactical airborne force

— tactical forces

— tactical nuclear-capable forces

— tactical reinforcement forces

— tactical theater nuclear forces

— tactically committed forces

— tank destroyer forces

— tank force

— tanker force

— task air force

— task force

— territorial forces

— territorial security forces

— theater air defense forces

— Theater Allied Air forces

— Theater Allied forces

— Theater Allied Land forces

— Theater Allied Naval forces

— theater forces

— theater nuclear forces

— threat forces

— tie-down forces

— token force

— Total forces

— transport air force

— trip wire forces

— troop forces

— troop-carrier force

— truce forces

— turning force

— type force

— UK Air forces

— UK Land forces CB

— UK Mobile force

— UN Disengagement Observer forces

— UN Emergency forces

— UN Interim force in Lebanon

— uncommitted force

— unconventional warfare forces

— unengaged forces

— unilateral forces

— uniservice force

— united forces

— universal cover force

— US Air forces

— US Armed forces

— vacuum forces

— visiting armed force

— voluntary reserve forces

— war-limiting forces

— wartime augmentation force

— withdrawing force

— Women's Auxiliary Air force

English-Russian military dictionary > force(s)
15 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
16 lie

I 1. noun
1) (false statement) Lüge, die

tell lies/a lie — lügen

no, I tell a lie,... — (coll.) nein, nicht dass ich jetzt lüge,... (ugs.)

white lie — Notlüge, die

give the lie to something — etwas Lügen strafen

2) (thing that deceives) [einzige] Lüge (fig.); Schwindel, der (abwertend)
2. intransitive verb,
lying lügen

lie to somebody — jemanden be- od. anlügen
II 1. noun
(direction, position) Lage, die

the lie of the land — (Brit. fig.): (state of affairs) die Lage der Dinge; die Sachlage
2. intransitive verb,
lying, lay, lain

1) liegen; (assume horizontal position) sich legen

many obstacles lie in the way of my success — (fig.) viele Hindernisse verstellen mir den Weg zum Erfolg

she lay asleep/resting on the sofa — sie lag auf dem Sofa und schlief/ruhte sich aus

lie still/dying — still liegen/im Sterben liegen

2)

lie idle — [Feld, Garten:] brachliegen; [Maschine, Fabrik:] stillstehen; [Gegenstand:] [unbenutzt] herumstehen (ugs.)

let something/things lie — etwas/die Dinge ruhen lassen

how do things lie? — wie liegen die Dinge?

3) (be buried) [begraben] liegen

4) (be situated) liegen

Austria lies to the south of Germany — Österreich liegt südlich von Deutschland

5) (be spread out to view)

the valley/plain/desert lay before us — vor uns lag das Tal/die Ebene/die Wüste

a brilliant career lay before him — (fig.) eine glänzende Karriere lag vor ihm

6) (Naut.)

lie at anchor/in harbour — vor Anker/im Hafen liegen

7) (fig.) [Gegenstand:] liegen

her interest lies in languages — ihr Interesse liegt auf sprachlichem Gebiet

I will do everything that lies in my power to help — ich werde alles tun, was in meiner Macht steht, um zu helfen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/42782/lie_about">lie about

- lie back

- lie down

- lie in

- lie up

* * *
I 1. noun
(a false statement made with the intention of deceiving: It would be a lie to say I knew, because I didn't.) die Lüge
2. verb
(to say etc something which is not true, with the intention of deceiving: There's no point in asking her - she'll just lie about it.) lügen

- liar
II present participle - lying; verb
1) (to be in or take a more or less flat position: She went into the bedroom and lay on the bed; The book was lying in the hall.) liegen

2) (to be situated; to be in a particular place etc: The farm lay three miles from the sea; His interest lies in farming.) liegen

3) (to remain in a certain state: The shop is lying empty now.) sich befinden

4) ((with in) (of feelings, impressions etc) to be caused by or contained in: His charm lies in his honesty.) bestehen

•

- lie back
- lie down
- lie in
- lie in wait for
- lie in wait
- lie low
- lie with
- take lying down
* * *

lie¹

[laɪ]

I. vi

<- y->

lügen

▪ to \lie about sth intentions, plans falsche Angaben über etw akk machen

I used to \lie about my age ich habe immer ein falsches Alter angegeben

▪ to \lie about sb über jdn die Unwahrheit erzählen

▪ to \lie to sb jdn belügen

▶ to \lie through one's teeth wie gedruckt lügen fam

II. vt

<- y->

to \lie one's way somewhere sich akk irgendwohin hineinschmuggeln

▪ to \lie one's way [or oneself] out of sth sich akk aus etw dat herausreden

III. n Lüge f

to be a pack [or BRIT tissue] of \lies erstunken und erlogen sein fam

to be an outright \lie glatt gelogen sein fam

to give the \lie to sb/sth jdn/etw Lügen strafen

to tell \lies Lügen erzählen

don't tell me \lies! lüg mich nicht an!

her name is Paula, no, I tell a \lie — it's Pauline ihr Name ist Paula — nein, Moment, bevor ich etwas Falsches sage — sie heißt Pauline

lie²

[laɪ]

I. n

1. no pl (position) Lage f

2. no pl esp BRIT, AUS (shape)

the \lie of the land die Beschaffenheit des Geländes; ( fig) die Lage

to find out the \lie of the land das Gelände erkunden; ( fig) die Lage sondieren [o peilen

II. vi

<-y-, lay, lain>

1. (be horizontal, resting) liegen

to \lie on one's back/in bed/on the ground auf dem Rücken/im Bett/auf dem Boden liegen

to \lie in state aufgebahrt sein [o liegen]

to \lie awake/quietly/still wach/ruhig/still [da]liegen

to \lie flat flach liegen [bleiben]

2. (be buried) ruhen

here \lies the body of... hier ruht...

3. (become horizontal) sich akk hinlegen

\lie face down! leg dich auf den Bauch!

4. (be upon a surface) liegen

snow lay thickly over the fields auf den Feldern lag eine dicke Schneeschicht

5. (be in a particular state)

to \lie at the mercy of sb jds Gnade ausgeliefert sein

to \lie in ruins in Trümmern liegen

to \lie under a suspicion unter einem Verdacht stehen

to \lie in wait auf der Lauer liegen

to \lie dying im Sterben liegen

to \lie empty leer stehen

to \lie fallow brach liegen

6. (remain) liegen bleiben

the snow didn't \lie der Schnee blieb nicht liegen

7. (be situated) liegen

the road lay along the canal die Straße führte am Kanal entlang

to \lie in anchor/harbour in Hamburg in Hamburg vor Anker/im Hafen liegen

to \lie off the coast [or shore] vor der Küste liegen

to \lie to the east/north of sth im Osten/Norden [o östlich/nördlich] einer S. gen liegen

the river \lies 40 km to the south of us der Fluss befindet sich 40 km südlich von uns

to \lie on the route to Birmingham auf dem Weg nach Birmingham liegen

8. (weigh)

to \lie heavily on sth schwer auf etw dat lasten

to \lie heavily on sb's mind jdn schwer bedrücken

to \lie heavily on sb's stomach jdm schwer im Magen liegen fam

9. (be the responsibility of)

▪ to \lie on sb jdm obliegen geh

▪ to \lie with sb bei jdm liegen

the choice/decision \lies [only] with you die Wahl/Entscheidung liegt [ganz allein] bei dir

it \lies with you to decide es liegt an dir zu entscheiden

the responsibility for the project \lies with us wir sind für das Projekt verantwortlich [o tragen die Verantwortung für das Projekt

10. (be found)

▪ to \lie in sth in etw dat liegen

where do your interests \lie? wo liegen deine Interessen?

the cause of the argument \lies in the stubbornness on both sides die Ursache des Streits liegt in [o an] der Sturheit auf beiden Seiten

the decision doesn't \lie in my power die Entscheidung [darüber] liegt nicht in meiner Macht

11. BRIT (in a competition)

to \lie bottom of/third in the table Tabellenletzter/-dritter sein

to \lie in second place auf dem zweiten Platz liegen

to \lie third dritter sein

to \lie in front of/behind sb vor/hinter jdm liegen

12. LAW claim, appeal zulässig sein

13.

▶ to \lie doggo BRIT ( fam) sich akk mucksmäuschenstill verhalten fam

▶ to \lie low (escape search) untergetaucht sein; (avoid being noticed) sich akk unauffällig verhalten; (bide one's time) sich akk [im Verborgenen] bereithalten

▶ to see how the land \lies die Lage sondieren [o peilen]

* * *
I [laɪ]
1. n
Lüge f
it's a lie! — das ist eine Lüge!, das ist gelogen!

to tell a lie — lügen

I tell a lie, it's actually tomorrow — das stimmt ja gar nicht or ich hab mich vertan, es ist morgen

to give the lie to sb — jdn der Lüge bezichtigen or beschuldigen

to give the lie to a claim — die Unwahrheit einer Behauptung (gen) zeigen or beweisen, eine Behauptung Lügen strafen (geh)

2. vi
lügen
to lie to sb —

the camera never lies — die Kamera lügt nie

3. vt

to lie one's way out of sth — sich aus etw herauslügen
II vb: pret lay, ptp lain
1. n
(= position) Lage f, Position f
2. vi

1) (in horizontal or resting position) liegen; (= lie down) sich legen

he lay where he had fallen — er blieb liegen, wo er hingefallen war

lie on your back — leg dich auf den Rücken

obstacles lie in the way of our success — unser Weg zum Erfolg ist mit Hindernissen verstellt

the snow didn't lie —

to lie with sb ( Bibl old ) ( ) —,, old )

2) (= be buried) ruhen

to lie at rest — zur letzten Ruhe gebettet sein (geh)

3) (= be situated) liegen

the runner who is lying third (esp Brit) — der Läufer, der auf dem dritten Platz liegt

Uganda lies far from the coast — Uganda liegt weit von der Küste ab or entfernt

our road lay along the river — unsere Straße führte am Fluss entlang

our futures lie in quite different directions —

you are young and your life lies before you — du bist jung, und das Leben liegt noch vor dir

4) (= be, remain in a certain condition) liegen

to lie asleep — (daliegen und) schlafen

to lie helpless — hilflos daliegen

to lie dying — im Sterben liegen

he lay resting on the sofa — er ruhte sich auf dem Sofa aus

the snow lay deep — es lag tiefer Schnee

the book lay unopened — das Buch lag ungeöffnet da

to lie low —

to lie heavy on the stomach — schwer im Magen liegen

to lie heavy on the conscience — schwer auf dem Gewissen lasten

5) (immaterial things) liegen

where does the difficulty lie? — wo liegt die Schwierigkeit?

it lies with you to solve the problem — es liegt bei dir, das Problem zu lösen

his interests lie in music — seine Interessen liegen auf dem Gebiet der Musik or gelten der Musik

he did everything that lay in his power to help us — er tat alles in seiner Macht Stehende, um uns zu helfen

that responsibility lies with your department — dafür ist Ihre Abteilung verantwortlich

the real solution lies in education — Bildung ist die wahre Lösung

* * *

lie¹ [laı]

A s Lüge f:

tell lies ( oder a lie) lügen;

that’s a lie! das ist eine Lüge!, das ist gelogen!;

give the lie to

a) jemanden der Lüge bezichtigen,

b) etwas, jemanden Lügen strafen, widerlegen;

lies have short wings (Sprichwort) Lügen haben kurze Beine; → live¹ B 2, white lie

B v/i ppr lying [ˈlaııŋ]

1. lügen:

lie to sb jemanden belügen, jemanden anlügen;

he lied (to them) about his past das, was er (ihnen) über seine Vergangenheit erzählte, war gelogen;

she lied (to them) about her age sie machte sich (ihnen gegenüber) jünger oder älter, als sie tatsächlich war;

lie through ( oder in) one’s teeth, lie in one’s throat umg das Blaue vom Himmel (herunter)lügen, wie gedruckt lügen

2. lügen, trügen, täuschen, einen falschen Eindruck erwecken (Zahlen etc)

C v/t lie to sb that … jemandem vorlügen, dass …;

lie o.s. ( oder one’s way) out of sich herauslügen aus

lie² [laı]

A s

1. Lage f (auch fig):

the lie of the land fig Br die Lage (der Dinge)

2. Lager n (von Tieren)

B v/i prät lay [leı], pperf lain [leın], ppr lying [ˈlaııŋ]

1. liegen:

a) allg im Bett etc liegen:

all his books are lying about ( oder around) the room seine ganzen Bücher liegen im Zimmer herum; → ruin A 2, etc

b) ausgebreitet, tot etc daliegen:

lie dying im Sterben liegen

c) gelegen sein, sich befinden:

the town lies on a river die Stadt liegt an einem Fluss;

lie second ( oder in second position) SPORT etc an zweiter Stelle oder auf dem zweiten Platz liegen;

all his money is lying in the bank sein ganzes Geld liegt auf der Bank

d) begründet liegen, bestehen ( beide:

in in dat)

e) begraben sein oder liegen, ruhen:

here lies … hier ruht …

2. liegen bleiben (Schnee)

3. SCHIFF, MIL liegen (Flotte, Truppe)

4. SCHIFF

a) vor Anker liegen

b) beidrehen: → lie along, lie off 1, lie to

5. a) liegen:

the goose lay heavy on his stomach die Gans lag ihm schwer im Magen

b) fig lasten (on auf der Seele etc):

his past lies heavily on him ( oder his mind) seine Vergangenheit lastet schwer auf ihm

6. führen, verlaufen:

the road lies through a forest

7. (behind) stecken (hinter dat), der Grund sein (für oder gen)

8. JUR zulässig sein (Klage etc):

appeal lies to the Supreme Court Berufung kann vor dem Obersten Bundesgericht eingelegt werden

9. lie with sb obs oder BIBEL jemandem beiliegen (mit jemandem schlafen)Besondere Redewendungen: as far as in me lies obs oder poet soweit es an mir liegt, soweit es in meinen Kräften steht;

his greatness lies in his courage seine Größe liegt in seinem Mut (begründet);

he knows where his interest lies er weiß, wo sein Vorteil liegt;

lie in sb’s way

a) jemandem zur Hand sein,

b) jemandem möglich sein,

c) in jemandes Fach schlagen,

d) jemandem im Weg stehen his talents do not lie that way dazu hat er kein Talent;

lie on sb JUR jemandem obliegen;

the responsibility lies on you die Verantwortung liegt bei dir;

lie on sb’s hands unbenutzt oder unverkauft bei jemandem liegen bleiben;

lie to the north SCHIFF Nord anliegen;

lie under an obligation eine Verpflichtung haben;

lie under the suspicion of murder unter Mordverdacht stehen;

lie under a sentence of death zum Tode verurteilt sein;

the fault lies with him die Schuld liegt bei ihm;

it lies with you to do it es liegt an dir oder es ist deine Sache, es zu tun; siehe Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven etc

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (false statement) Lüge, die

tell lies/a lie — lügen

no, I tell a lie,... — (coll.) nein, nicht dass ich jetzt lüge,... (ugs.)

white lie — Notlüge, die

give the lie to something — etwas Lügen strafen

2) (thing that deceives) [einzige] Lüge (fig.); Schwindel, der (abwertend)
2. intransitive verb,
lying lügen

lie to somebody — jemanden be- od. anlügen
II 1. noun
(direction, position) Lage, die

the lie of the land — (Brit. fig.): (state of affairs) die Lage der Dinge; die Sachlage
2. intransitive verb,
lying, lay, lain

1) liegen; (assume horizontal position) sich legen

many obstacles lie in the way of my success — (fig.) viele Hindernisse verstellen mir den Weg zum Erfolg

she lay asleep/resting on the sofa — sie lag auf dem Sofa und schlief/ruhte sich aus

lie still/dying — still liegen/im Sterben liegen

2)

lie idle — [Feld, Garten:] brachliegen; [Maschine, Fabrik:] stillstehen; [Gegenstand:] [unbenutzt] herumstehen (ugs.)

let something/things lie — etwas/die Dinge ruhen lassen

how do things lie? — wie liegen die Dinge?

3) (be buried) [begraben] liegen

4) (be situated) liegen

Austria lies to the south of Germany — Österreich liegt südlich von Deutschland

5) (be spread out to view)

the valley/plain/desert lay before us — vor uns lag das Tal/die Ebene/die Wüste

a brilliant career lay before him — (fig.) eine glänzende Karriere lag vor ihm

6) (Naut.)

lie at anchor/in harbour — vor Anker/im Hafen liegen

7) (fig.) [Gegenstand:] liegen

her interest lies in languages — ihr Interesse liegt auf sprachlichem Gebiet

I will do everything that lies in my power to help — ich werde alles tun, was in meiner Macht steht, um zu helfen

Phrasal Verbs:

- lie about

- lie back

- lie down

- lie in

- lie up

* * *

n.

Lüge -n f. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: lied) (•§ p.,p.p.: lay, lain•)

= liegen v.

(§ p.,pp.: lag, gelegen)

lügen v.

(§ p.,pp.: log, gelogen)

English-german dictionary > lie
17 sight

1. noun
1) (the act or power of seeing: The blind man had lost his sight in the war.) vista

2) (the area within which things can be seen by someone: The boat was within sight of land; The end of our troubles is in sight.) vista

3) (something worth seeing: She took her visitors to see the sights of London.) atracción turística

4) (a view or glimpse.) visión

5) (something seen that is unusual, ridiculous, shocking etc: She's quite a sight in that hat.) figura

6) ((on a gun etc) an apparatus to guide the eye in taking aim: Where is the sight on a rifle?) mira

2. verb
1) (to get a view of; to see suddenly: We sighted the coast as dawn broke.) observar, ver, divisar

2) (to look at (something) through the sight of a gun: He sighted his prey and pulled the trigger.) apuntar

•

- sight-seeing
- sight-seer
- catch sight of
- lose sight of

sight n

1. vista

my sight is failing me está fallando la vista

2. algo... de ver

the battlefield was a terrible sight el campo de batalla era algo espantoso de ver

to catch sight of something ver algo

I just caught sight of him before he disappeared apenas lo vi y ya había desaparecido

the sights lugares de interés turístico

to see the sights hacer una visita turística

sight

tr[saɪt]

noun

1 (faculty) vista

■ his sight is failing le está fallando la vista

2 (range of vision) vista

■ don't let him out of your sight! ¡no lo pierdas de vista!

■ we waited until he was out of sight esperamos hasta que hubo desaparecido

■ get out of my sight! ¡fuera de mi vista!

3 (act of seeing, view) vista

■ it was her first sight of the countryside fue la primera vez que veía el campo

■ he faints at the sight of blood se desmaya cuando ve sangre

■ it was love at first sight fue amor a primera vista

4 (thing seen, spectacle) espectáculo

■ it was a sight to behold fue un regalo para la vista

■ it was a sorry sight fue un triste espectáculo

■ you look a sight! ¡tienes una pinta horrorosa!, ¡estás horroroso!

5 (on gun) mira

transitive verb

1 (bird, animal) observar, ver; (person) ver; (land) divisar

noun a sight

1 familiar (a great deal) mucho

■ a sight better mucho mejor

■ a sight more expensive mucho más caro

plural noun sights

1 (of city) monumentos nombre masculino plural, lugares nombre masculino plural de interés

■ we're going to see the sights vamos a hacer un recorrido turístico de la ciudad

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in one's sights en la mira

in/within sight a la vista

in the sight of God ante Dios

out of sight SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (very good) alucinante

out of sight, out of mind ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente

sight unseen sin haberlo visto antes

to be a sight for sore eyes dar gusto verlo

to catch sight of ver, divisar

to come into sight aparecer

to hate/loathe the sight of somebody no poder ni ver a alguien

to keep out of sight no dejarse ver, esconderse

to know somebody by sight conocer a alguien de vista

to lose sight of somebody/something perder a alguien/algo de vista

to raise one's sights aspirar a más, apuntar más alto

to set one's sights on something tener la mira puesta en algo

to take a sight apuntar

sight ['saɪt] vt

: ver (a una persona), divisar (la tierra, un barco)

sight n

1) : vista f (facultad)

out of sight: fuera de vista

2) : algo visto

it's a familiar sight: se ve con frecuencia

she's a sight for sore eyes: da gusto verla

3) : lugar m de interés (para turistas, etc.)

4) : mira f (de un rifle, etc.)

5) glimpse: mirada f breve

I caught sight of her: la divisé, alcancé a verla

sight (Appearance)

n.

• aspecto s.m.

n.

• brújula s.f.

• escena s.f.

• mira s.f.

• puntería s.f.

• visión s.f.

• vista s.f.

v.

• avistar v.

• visar v.

I saɪt
noun

1) u ( eyesight) vista f

to lose one's sight — perder* la vista or la visión

to have poor sight — tener* mala vista, ver* mal

2) u ( range of vision)

to come into sight — aparecer*

to lose sight of something/somebody — perder* algo/a alguien de vista

the finishing line was now in sight — ya se veía la meta

we were in sight of victory victory was within sight la victoria estaba cercana; she watched until they were out of sight los siguió con la mirada hasta que los perdió de vista; (get) out of my sight! fuera de aquí!; I daren't let him out of my sight for a second no me atrevo a dejarlo solo ni un minuto; out of sight, out of mind — ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente

3) (act of seeing, view) (no pl)

at first sight — a primera vista

it was love at first sight — fue amor a primera vista, fue un flechazo

to catch sight of something/somebody: we caught sight of them going up the mountain los vimos or los avistamos subiendo la montaña; as he opened the drawer, I caught sight of the gun cuando abrió el cajón, pude ver el revólver; to know somebody by sight conocer* a alguien de vista; to play at o by sight ( Mus) tocar* a primera vista; deserters will be shot on sight los desertores serán fusilados en el acto; I can't stand the sight of him — (colloq) no lo puedo ver (fam)

4) c

a) ( thing seen)

the sparrow is a familiar sight in our gardens — el gorrión se ve con frecuencia en nuestros jardines

it's not a pretty sight — (colloq) no es muy agradable de ver

it is/it was a sight for sore eyes — da/daba gusto verlo

b) ( of untidy or absurd appearance)

a sight — (colloq)

I look a sight! — estoy horrorosa!, qué parezco!

she looks a sight in that dress — ese vestido le queda espantoso

c) sights pl ( famous places)

to see the sights — visitar los lugares de interés

5)

a) c ( of gun) mira f

b) sights pl ( ambition)

to have something in one's sights, to have one's sights on something — tener* la mira puesta en algo

6) ( lot) (colloq)

a (far o damn) sight happier/richer — muchísimo más feliz/rico

it's a (far o damn) sight better — es muchísimo mejor

he's a sight too clever — se pasa de listo

II

transitive verb \<\<land/ship\>\> divisar, avistar; \<\<person/animal\>\> ver*

[saɪt]
1. N

1) (=eyesight) vista f

• to have good sight — tener buena vista

• I'm losing my sight — estoy perdiendo la vista

• to have poor sight — tener mala vista

• to regain one's sight — recobrar la vista

2) (=act of seeing) vista f

I can't bear the sight of blood — no aguanto la vista de la sangre

I can't stand the sight of him — no le puedo ver

• at sight — a la vista

at first sight — a primera vista

it was love at first sight — fue un flechazo

• I know her by sight — la conozco de vista

• it came into sight — apareció

• to catch sight of sth/sb — divisar algo/a algn

• to be in sight — estar a la vista (of de)

to keep sth in sight — no perder de vista algo

our goal is in sight — ya vemos la meta

we are in sight of victory — estamos a las puertas de la victoria

to find favour in sb's sight — [plan etc] ser aceptable a algn; [person] merecerse la aprobación de algn

• to lose sight of sth/sb — perder algo/a algn de vista

to lose sight of sb — (fig) perder contacto con algn

to lose sight of the fact that... — no tener presente el hecho de que...

to be lost to sight — desaparecer, perderse de vista

• to shoot on sight — disparar sin previo aviso

• to be out of sight — no estar a la vista

keep out of sight! — ¡que no te vean!

not to let sb out of one's sight — no perder a algn de vista

to drop out of sight — desaparecer

out of sight — (US) * fabuloso *

• to buy sth sight unseen — comprar algo sin verlo

• to be within sight — estar a la vista (of de)

to have sth within sight — tener algo a la vista

we were within sight of the coast — teníamos la costa a la vista

- out of sight, out of mind

3) (=spectacle) espectáculo m

it was an amazing sight — era un espectáculo asombroso

his face was a sight! — ¡había que ver su cara!; (after injury etc) ¡había que ver el estado en que quedaba su cara!

I must look a sight — debo parecer horroroso, ¿no?

doesn't she look a sight in that hat! — ¡con ese sombrero parece un espantajo!

what a sight you are! — ¡qué adefesio!

the sights — los lugares de interés turístico

to see or visit the sights of Madrid — visitar los lugares de interés turístico de Madrid, hacer turismo por Madrid

• it's not a pretty sight — no es precisamente bonito

• it's a sad sight — es una cosa triste

- it's a sight for sore eyes

4) (on gun) (often pl) mira f, alza f

in one's sights — en la línea de tiro

- lower one's sights

- raise one's sights

- set one's sights on sth/doing sth

- set one's sights too high

5) * (=a great deal)

this is a sight better than the other one — este no tiene comparación con el otro

he's a sight too clever — es demasiado listo

it's a sight dearer — es mucho más caro

2. VT

1) (Naut) [+ land] ver, divisar; [+ bird, rare animal] observar, ver; [+ person] ver

2) (=aim)

to sight a gun — apuntar un cañón (at, on a)

3.

CPD

sight draft N — letra f a la vista

sight translation N — traducción f oral or a libro abierto

* * *

I [saɪt]
noun

1) u ( eyesight) vista f

to lose one's sight — perder* la vista or la visión

to have poor sight — tener* mala vista, ver* mal

2) u ( range of vision)

to come into sight — aparecer*

to lose sight of something/somebody — perder* algo/a alguien de vista

the finishing line was now in sight — ya se veía la meta

we were in sight of victory victory was within sight la victoria estaba cercana; she watched until they were out of sight los siguió con la mirada hasta que los perdió de vista; (get) out of my sight! fuera de aquí!; I daren't let him out of my sight for a second no me atrevo a dejarlo solo ni un minuto; out of sight, out of mind — ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente

3) (act of seeing, view) (no pl)

at first sight — a primera vista

it was love at first sight — fue amor a primera vista, fue un flechazo

to catch sight of something/somebody: we caught sight of them going up the mountain los vimos or los avistamos subiendo la montaña; as he opened the drawer, I caught sight of the gun cuando abrió el cajón, pude ver el revólver; to know somebody by sight conocer* a alguien de vista; to play at o by sight ( Mus) tocar* a primera vista; deserters will be shot on sight los desertores serán fusilados en el acto; I can't stand the sight of him — (colloq) no lo puedo ver (fam)

4) c

a) ( thing seen)

the sparrow is a familiar sight in our gardens — el gorrión se ve con frecuencia en nuestros jardines

it's not a pretty sight — (colloq) no es muy agradable de ver

it is/it was a sight for sore eyes — da/daba gusto verlo

b) ( of untidy or absurd appearance)

a sight — (colloq)

I look a sight! — estoy horrorosa!, qué parezco!

she looks a sight in that dress — ese vestido le queda espantoso

c) sights pl ( famous places)

to see the sights — visitar los lugares de interés

5)

a) c ( of gun) mira f

b) sights pl ( ambition)

to have something in one's sights, to have one's sights on something — tener* la mira puesta en algo

6) ( lot) (colloq)

a (far o damn) sight happier/richer — muchísimo más feliz/rico

it's a (far o damn) sight better — es muchísimo mejor

he's a sight too clever — se pasa de listo

II

transitive verb \<\<land/ship\>\> divisar, avistar; \<\<person/animal\>\> ver*

English-spanish dictionary > sight
18 by

1. preposition
1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) junto a

2) (past: going by the house.) (por) delante

3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) por

4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) por

5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) por, en

6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) por

7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) para

8) (during the time of.) de

9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) de, por

10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) por

11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) por

12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) de

2. adverb
1) (near: They stood by and watched.) al lado (de)

2) (past: A dog ran by.) por ahí

3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) apartado

•

- bygones: let bygones be bygones
- bypass
3. verb
(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) desviar

- by-product
- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way

by¹ advby expresa la idea de pasar cerca, pero sin detenerse

he saw me, but he passed by without saying a word me vio, pero pasó sin decirme ni una palabra

we watched the people go by miramos pasar a la gente

three cars went by pasaron tres coches

by² prep

1. por

he was attacked by a dog fue atacado por un perro / un perro lo atacó

it was designed by Gaudí fue diseñado por Gaudí

we get paid by the hour nos pagan por horas

eggs are sold by the dozen los huevos se venden por docenas

they won by six points ganaron por seis puntos

multiply five by three multiplica cinco por tres

eight divided by two ocho dividido por dos

you can book a room by phone puedes reservar una habitación por teléfono

2. junto a / al lado de

she was sitting by the fire estaba sentada junto al fuego

the phone is by the sofa el teléfono está al lado del sofá

she sat by me se sentó a mi lado / se sentó junto a mí

3. de

a film by Woody Allen una película de Woody Allen

he's a journalist by profession es periodista de profesión

she's German by birth es alemana de nacimiento

by day and by night de día y de noche

4. en

we went by train fuimos en tren

I'm going by car voy en coche

5. para

I need it by tomorrow lo necesito para mañana

I want you to be home by ten o'clock quiero que estés en casa para las diez

by the year 2050 para el año 2050

6. a

little by little poco a poco

step by step paso a paso

7. con

can I pay by credit card? ¿puedo pagar con tarjeta?

8. a base de

I earn some money by delivering newspapers gano algo de dinero a base de repartir periódicos

by oneself solo

I did it by myself lo hice solo

by

tr[baɪ]

preposition

1 (agent) por

■ painted by Constable pintado por Constable

■ bought by a tycoon comprado por un magnate

2 (means) por

■ by air/road por avión/carretera

■ by carain en cocheen

■ by hand a mano

■ by heart de memoria

3 (showing difference) por

■ I won by 3 points gané por tres puntos

■ better by far muchísimo mejor

4 (not later than) para

■ I need it by ten lo necesito para las diez

5 (during) de

■ by day/night de día/noche

6 (near) junto a, al lado de

■ sit by me siéntate a mi lado

7 (according to) según

■ by the rules según las reglas

8 (measurements) por

■ 6 metres by 4 6 metros por 4

9 (rate) por

■ paid by the hour pagado por horas

10 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL por

■ 12 divided by 3 12 dividido por 3

11 (progression) a

■ day by day día a día

■ little by little poco a poco

12 (in sets) en

■ two by two de dos en dos

13 (introducing gerund)

■ you can find out by reading the papers te enterarás leyendo los periódicos

adverb

1 al lado, delante

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to go by pasar delante

by and by con el tiempo

by the by a propósito

by oneself solo,-a

by ['baɪ] adv

1) near: cerca

he lives close by: vive muy cerca

2)

to stop by : pasar por casa, hacer una visita

3)

to go by : pasar

they rushed by: pasaron corriendo

4)

to put by : reservar, poner a un lado

5)

by and by : poco después, dentro de poco

6)

by and large : en general

by prep

1) near: cerca de, al lado de, junto a

2) via: por

she left by the door: salió por la puerta

3) past: por, por delante de

they walked by him: pasaron por delante de él

4) during: de, durante

by night: de noche

5) (in expressions of time) : para

we'll be there by ten: estaremos allí para las diez

by then: para entonces

6) (indicating cause or agent) : por, de, a

built by the Romans: construido por los romanos

a book by Borges: un libro de Borges

made by hand: hecho a mano

by

adv.

• a un lado adv.

• aparte adv.

prep.

• al lado de prep.

• de prep.

• de acuerdo con prep.

• para prep.

• por prep.

• según prep.

I baɪ
preposition

1)

a) ( not later than)

he told her to be home by 11 — le dijo que volviera antes de las 11

they should be there by now — ya deberían estar allí

will it be ready by 5? — ¿estará listo para las 5?

by the time he arrived, Ann had left — cuando llegó, Ann se había ido

b) (during, at)

by day/night — de día/noche

Rome by night — Roma de noche

2)

a) (at the side of, near to) al lado de, junto a

come and sit by me — ven a sentarte a mi lado or junto a mí

it's right by the door — está justo al lado de la puerta

b) ( to hand) (AmE)

I always keep some money by me — siempre llevo algo de dinero encima

3)

a) ( past)

I said hello, but he walked right by me — lo saludé pero él pasó de largo

b) (via, through) por

I came in by the back door — entré por la puerta de atrás

by land/sea/air — por tierra/mar/avión

4) (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs) por [The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English]

she was brought up by her grandmother — la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela

she was accompanied by her father — iba acompañada de su padre

a play by Shakespeare — una obra de Shakespeare

it was written by Pinter — fue escrita por Pinter

5)

a) (indicating means, method)

made by hand — hecho a mano

to travel by carain — viajar en cocheen

to pay by credit card — pagar* con tarjeta de crédito

to navigate by the stars — guiarse* por las estrellas

by moonlight — a la luz de la luna

by -ing: you won't get anywhere by shouting no vas a conseguir nada con gritar; I'll begin by introducing myself — empezaré por presentarme

b) (owing to, from)

by chance — por casualidad

she is Spanish by birth — es española de nacimiento

he had two children by his second wife — tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer

by -ing: by specializing, she has limited her options al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades; they have lost public support by being too extreme — han perdido apoyo popular por ser demasiado extremistas

6)

a) ( according to)

by that clock it's almost half past — según ese reloj son casi y media

by the look of things — por lo visto or al parecer

that's fine by me — por mí no hay problema

b) (in oaths)

I swear by Almighty God... — juro por Dios Todopoderoso...

by God, you'll be sorry you said that! — te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso

7)

a) ( indicating rate) por

we are paid by the hour — nos pagan por hora(s)

they make them by the thousand — hacen miles y miles de ellos

b) ( indicating extent of difference)

she broke the record by several seconds — batió el récord en or por varios segundos

we missed the train by seconds — perdimos el tren por unos segundos

I'm taller than you by an inch or two — soy una pulgada o dos más alto que tú

c) ( indicating gradual progression)

one by one — uno por uno

they went in two by two — entraron de dos en dos

little by little — poco a poco, de a poco (CS)

8) ( Math) por

multiply two by three — multiplica dos por tres

divide six by three — divide seis por or entre tres

a room 20ft by 12ft — una habitación de 20 pies por 12

9) ( in compass directions)

north by northeast — nornor(d)este

10)

by oneself — (alone, without assistance) solo

I need to be by myself — necesito estar solo or a solas

they do their homework by themselves — hacen los deberes solos

II

adverb

a) ( past)

let me by! — déjenme pasar!

she rushed by without seeing me — pasó corriendo y no me vio

they watched the parade march by — vieron pasar el desfile

b) (aside, in reserve)

I put a little money by each week — ahorro un poco de dinero cada semana

c) ( to somebody's residence)

call o stop by on your way to work — pasa por casa de camino al trabajo

d) (in phrases)

by and by: by and by they came to the clearing al poco rato llegaron al claro; it's going to rain by and by va a llover dentro de poco; by and large por lo general, en general; by the by — see bye I

[baɪ] When by is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by chance, by degrees, by half, look up the other word.
1. PREPOSITION

1) (=close to) al lado de, junto a

the house by the church — la casa que está al lado de or junto a la iglesia

come and sit by me — ven y siéntate a mi lado or junto a mí

I've got it by me — lo tengo a mi lado

"where's the bank?" - "it's by the post office" — -¿dónde está el banco? -está al lado de or junto a la oficina de correos

the house by the river — la casa que hay junto al río

a holiday by the sea — unas vacaciones en la costa

2) (=via) por

he came in by the back door/by the window — entró por la puerta de atrás/por la ventana

which route did you come by? — ¿por dónde or por qué camino or por qué ruta viniste?

I went by Dover — fui por Dover

3) (=past) por delante de

she walked by me — pasó por delante de mí

he rushed by me without seeing me — pasó deprisa por delante de mí sin verme

we drove by the cathedral — pasamos con el coche por delante de la catedral

4) (=during)

by day — de día

by night — de noche

by day he's a bank clerk and by night he's a security guard — de día es un empleado de banco y de noche es guarda de seguridad

a postcard of London by night — una postal nocturna de Londres

5) (in expressions of time)

a) (=not later than) para

we must be there by four o'clock — tenemos que estar allí para las cuatro

can you finish it by tomorrow? — ¿puedes terminarlo para mañana?

I'll be back by midnight — estaré de vuelta antes de or para la medianoche

applications must be submitted by 21 April — las solicitudes deben presentarse antes del 21 de abril

• by the time I got there it was too late — cuando llegué ya era demasiado tarde

it'll be ready by the time you get back — estará listo para cuando regreses

• by that time or by then I knew — para entonces ya lo sabía

b) (in year, on date, on day)

by tomorrow/Tuesday, I'll be in France — mañana/el martes ya estaré en Francia

by yesterday it was clear that... — ayer ya se veía claro que...

by 30 September we had spent £500 — a 30 de septiembre habíamos gastado 500 libras

by 1998 the figure had reached... — en 1998 la cifra había llegado a...

by 2010 the figure will have reached... — hacia el año 2010 la cifra habrá llegado a...

6) (indicating amount or rate)

to reduce sth by a third — reducir algo en una tercera parte

to rent a house by the month — alquilar una casa por meses

letters were arriving by the sackload — las cartas llegaban a montones

it seems to be getting bigger by the minute/day — parece que va creciendo minuto a minuto/día a día

• to sell sth by the dozen — vender algo por docenas

• we get paid by the hour — nos pagan por horas

• we sell by the kilo — vendemos por kilos

• we charge by the kilometre — cobramos por kilómetro

• little by little — poco a poco

• one by one — uno tras otro, uno a uno

• two by two — de dos en dos

7) (indicating agent, cause) por

the thieves were caught by the police — los ladrones fueron capturados por la policía, la policía capturó a los ladrones

surrounded by enemies — rodeado de enemigos

a painting by Picasso — un cuadro de Picasso

who's that song by? — ¿de quién es esa canción?

he had a daughter by his first wife — tuvo una hija con su primera mujer

8) (indicating transport, method etc)

• by air — [travel] en avión; [send] por avión, por vía aérea

• by bus/ car — en autobús/coche

• to pay by cheque — pagar con cheque

• made by hand — hecho a mano

• by land — por tierra

• by the light of the moon/a candle — a la luz de la luna/de una vela

• by rail or train — en tren

• by sea — por mar

9) (with gerund)

by working hard — a fuerza de mucho trabajar, trabajando mucho

he ended by saying that... — terminó diciendo que...

10) (=according to) según

by my watch it's five o'clock — según mi reloj son las cinco

by my calculations — según mis cálculos

to call sth by its proper name — llamar algo por su nombre

it's all right by me — por mí no hay problema or está bien

if that's okay by you — si no tienes inconveniente

11) (measuring difference)

she missed the plane by a few minutes — perdió el avión por unos minutos

we beat them to Joe's house by five minutes — llegamos a casa de Joe cinco minutos antes que ellos

broader by a metre — un metro más ancho

she's lighter than her brother by only a couple of pounds — pesa solo un par de libras menos que su hermano

it's too short by a metre — es un metro más corto de lo que tendría que ser

it missed me by inches — no me dio por un pelo, me pasó rozando

12) (in measurements, sums)

a room 3 metres by 4 — una habitación de 3 metros por 4

• to divide by — dividir por or entre

• to multiply by — multiplicar por

13)

• by oneself — solo

he was all by himself — estaba solo

I did it all by myself — lo hice yo solo

don't leave the two of them alone by themselves — no los dejes solos

14) (with compass point)

north by northeast — nornordeste

south by southwest — sudsudoeste, sursuroeste

15) (in oaths) por

I swear by Almighty God — juro por Dios Todopoderoso

by heaven * — por Dios

2. ADVERB

1) (=past)

a train hurtled by — pasó un tren a toda velocidad

• they wouldn't let me by — no me dejaban pasar

• she rushed by without stopping — pasó a toda prisa, sin pararse

2) (in set expressions)

• by and by, I'll be with you by and by — enseguida estoy contigo

you'll be sorry by and by — no tardarás en arrepentirte

by and by we heard voices — al poco rato oímos unas voces

• close or hard by — muy cerca

• by and large — en general, por lo general

• to put sth by — poner algo a un lado

* * *

I [baɪ]
preposition

1)

a) ( not later than)

he told her to be home by 11 — le dijo que volviera antes de las 11

they should be there by now — ya deberían estar allí

will it be ready by 5? — ¿estará listo para las 5?

by the time he arrived, Ann had left — cuando llegó, Ann se había ido

b) (during, at)

by day/night — de día/noche

Rome by night — Roma de noche

2)

a) (at the side of, near to) al lado de, junto a

come and sit by me — ven a sentarte a mi lado or junto a mí

it's right by the door — está justo al lado de la puerta

b) ( to hand) (AmE)

I always keep some money by me — siempre llevo algo de dinero encima

3)

a) ( past)

I said hello, but he walked right by me — lo saludé pero él pasó de largo

b) (via, through) por

I came in by the back door — entré por la puerta de atrás

by land/sea/air — por tierra/mar/avión

4) (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs) por [The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English]

she was brought up by her grandmother — la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela

she was accompanied by her father — iba acompañada de su padre

a play by Shakespeare — una obra de Shakespeare

it was written by Pinter — fue escrita por Pinter

5)

a) (indicating means, method)

made by hand — hecho a mano

to travel by car/train — viajar en coche/tren

to pay by credit card — pagar* con tarjeta de crédito

to navigate by the stars — guiarse* por las estrellas

by moonlight — a la luz de la luna

by -ing: you won't get anywhere by shouting no vas a conseguir nada con gritar; I'll begin by introducing myself — empezaré por presentarme

b) (owing to, from)

by chance — por casualidad

she is Spanish by birth — es española de nacimiento

he had two children by his second wife — tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer

by -ing: by specializing, she has limited her options al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades; they have lost public support by being too extreme — han perdido apoyo popular por ser demasiado extremistas

6)

a) ( according to)

by that clock it's almost half past — según ese reloj son casi y media

by the look of things — por lo visto or al parecer

that's fine by me — por mí no hay problema

b) (in oaths)

I swear by Almighty God... — juro por Dios Todopoderoso...

by God, you'll be sorry you said that! — te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso

7)

a) ( indicating rate) por

we are paid by the hour — nos pagan por hora(s)

they make them by the thousand — hacen miles y miles de ellos

b) ( indicating extent of difference)

she broke the record by several seconds — batió el récord en or por varios segundos

we missed the train by seconds — perdimos el tren por unos segundos

I'm taller than you by an inch or two — soy una pulgada o dos más alto que tú

c) ( indicating gradual progression)

one by one — uno por uno

they went in two by two — entraron de dos en dos

little by little — poco a poco, de a poco (CS)

8) ( Math) por

multiply two by three — multiplica dos por tres

divide six by three — divide seis por or entre tres

a room 20ft by 12ft — una habitación de 20 pies por 12

9) ( in compass directions)

north by northeast — nornor(d)este

10)

by oneself — (alone, without assistance) solo

I need to be by myself — necesito estar solo or a solas

they do their homework by themselves — hacen los deberes solos

II

adverb

a) ( past)

let me by! — déjenme pasar!

she rushed by without seeing me — pasó corriendo y no me vio

they watched the parade march by — vieron pasar el desfile

b) (aside, in reserve)

I put a little money by each week — ahorro un poco de dinero cada semana

c) ( to somebody's residence)

call o stop by on your way to work — pasa por casa de camino al trabajo

d) (in phrases)

by and by: by and by they came to the clearing al poco rato llegaron al claro; it's going to rain by and by va a llover dentro de poco; by and large por lo general, en general; by the by — see bye I

English-spanish dictionary > by
19 by

I 1. preposition
1) (near, beside) an (+ Dat.); bei; (next to) neben

by the window/river — am Fenster/Fluss

she sat by me — sie saß neben mir

2) (to position beside) zu

3) (about, in the possession of) bei

have something by one — etwas bei sich haben

4)

north-east by east — Nordost auf Ost

5)

by herself — etc. see academic.ru/34615/herself">herself 1)

6) (along) entlang

by the river — am od. den Fluss entlang

7) (via) über (+ Akk.)

leave by the door/window — zur Tür hinausgehen/zum Fenster hinaussteigen

we came by the quickest/shortest route — wir sind die schnellste/kürzeste Strecke gefahren

8) (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)

run/drive by somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas vorbeilaufen/vorbeifahren

9) (during) bei

by day/night — bei Tag/Nacht; tagsüber/nachts

10) (through the agency of) von

written by... — geschrieben von...

11) (through the means of) durch

he was killed by lightning/a falling chimney — er ist vom Blitz/von einem umstürzenden Schornstein erschlagen worden

heated by gas/oil — mit Gas/Öl geheizt; gas-/ölbeheizt

by bus/ship — etc. mit dem Bus/Schiff usw.

by air/sea — mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff

have children by somebody — Kinder von jemandem haben

12) (not later than) bis

by now/this time — inzwischen

by next week she will be in China — nächste Woche ist sie schon in China

by the time this letter reaches you — bis dich dieser Brief erreicht

by the 20th — bis zum 20.

13) (indicating unit of time) pro; (indicating unit of length, weight, etc.) -weise

by the second/minute/hour — pro Sekunde/Minute/Stunde

rent a house by the year — ein Haus für jeweils ein Jahr mieten

you can hire a car by the day or by the week — man kann sich (Dat.) ein Auto tageweise oder wochenweise mieten

day by day/month by month, by the day/month — (as each day/month passes) Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat

cloth by the metre — Stoff am Meter

sell something by the packet/ton/dozen — etwas paket-/tonnenweise/im Dutzend verkaufen

10 ft. by 20 ft. — 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß

14) (indicating amount)

by the thousands — zu Tausenden

one by one — einzeln

two by two/three by three/four by four — zu zweit/dritt/viert

little by little — nach und nach

15) (indicating factor) durch

8 divided by 2 is 4 — 8 geteilt durch 2 ist 4

16) (indicating extent) um

wider by a foot — um einen Fuß breiter

win by ten metres — mit zehn Metern Vorsprung gewinnen

passed by nine votes to two — mit neun zu zwei Stimmen angenommen

17) (according to) nach

by my watch — nach meiner Uhr

18) in oaths bei

by [Almighty] God — bei Gott[, dem Allmächtigen]
2. adverb
1) (past) vorbei

drive/run/flow by — vorbeifahren/-laufen/-fließen

2) (near)

close/near by — in der Nähe

3)

by and large — im großen und ganzen

by and by — nach und nach; (in past) nach einer Weile
II
see bye II

* * *
1. preposition
1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) bei

2) (past: going by the house.) vorbei

3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) über

4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) von

5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) mit

6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) durch

7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) um

8) (during the time of.) während

9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) um

10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) mal

11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) (kilo-, etc.)weise

12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) von
2. adverb
1) (near: They stood by and watched.) dabei

2) (past: A dog ran by.) vorbei

3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) beiseite

•

- bygones: let bygones be bygones
- bypass 3. verb
(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) umgehen

- by-product
- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way
* * *

by

[baɪ]

I. prep

1. (beside) bei, an

a hotel \by the river ein Hotel am Fluss

my desk is \by the window mein Schreibtisch steht am Fenster

come and sit \by me komm und setz dich zu mir [o neben mich]

\by the roadside am Straßenrand

\by sb's side an jds Seite

2. (part of sb/sth) bei

to grab sb \by the arm jdn am Arm packen

to seize sb \by their hair jdn am Schopf packen

to take sb \by the hand jdn bei der Hand nehmen

3. (past and beyond) vorbei

he drove \by our house er ist an unserem Haus vorbeigefahren

she walked \by me without speaking sie ging, ohne etwas zu sagen, an mir vorbei

\by the door durch die Tür

4. (not later than) bis

\by this time next week I'll be on holiday nächste Woche um diese Zeit bin ich in Urlaub

\by five o'clock/tomorrow [spätestens] bis fünf Uhr/morgen

\by 14 February [spätestens] bis zum 14.02.

\by now [or this time] inzwischen

she ought to have arrived \by now sie müsste inzwischen angekommen sein

\by the time... bis...

\by the time [that] this letter reaches you I will have left London wenn dieser Brief dich erreicht, werde ich schon nicht mehr in London sein

5. (during) bei

they ate \by candlelight sie aßen bei Kerzenlicht

\by day/night tagsüber [o bei Tag] /nachts [o bei Nacht

6. (happening progressively) für

the children came in two \by two die Kinder kamen in Zweiergruppen herein

the situation becomes worse \by the day die Lage verschlechtert sich von Tag zu Tag

bit \by bit nach und nach

day \by day Tag für Tag

minute \by minute Minute um Minute, im Minutenabstand

7. (agent) von, durch

the cake is made \by Anne der Kuchen ist von Anne [gebacken], den Kuchen hat Anne gebacken

an attack \by the enemy ein Angriff durch den Feind, ein Feindangriff

a book/painting \by Irene ein Buch/ein Gemälde von Irene

a decision \by his father eine Entscheidung seines Vaters

8. (cause) von, durch

the damage was caused \by fire der Schaden wurde durch einen Brand verursacht

\by chance durch Zufall, zufällig

\by contrast im Gegensatz

Richard, \by contrast, works very much Richard hingegen arbeitet sehr viel

death \by misadventure Tod durch Unfall

9. (with -ing)

you switch it on \by pressing this button man schaltet es ein, indem man auf diesen Knopf drückt

10. (method) mit

to pay \by cheque mit Scheck bezahlen

to contact sb \by letter jdn anschreiben

11. (means of transport) mit

to travel \by air fliegen

\by boat/bus/car/train mit dem Schiff/Bus/Auto/Zug

to travel \by road über Land fahren

to travel \by sea auf dem Seeweg reisen

12. (parent) von

she's his daughter \by his second wife sie ist seine Tochter mit seiner zweiten Frau [o aus zweiter Ehe]

a black filly \by Golden Summer ein schwarzes Fohlen von Golden Summer

13. (term) mit

what is meant \by ‘cool’? was bedeutet ‚cool‘?

14. (name of a person) bei

he mostly calls her \by her last name er redet sie meistens mit ihrem Nachnamen an

15. (according to) nach, von

I'm German \by birth von Geburt bin ich Deutsche

\by my watch it's six o'clock nach meiner Uhr ist es sechs

he could tell \by the look on her face that... er konnte an ihrem Gesichtsausdruck ablesen, dass...

\by law, he's still a child dem Gesetz nach [o laut Gesetz] ist er noch ein Kind

that's all right \by me ich bin damit einverstanden

to live \by the rules sich akk an die Vorschriften halten

\by trade [or profession] von Beruf

16. (quantity)

he rented the car \by the day er hat den Wagen tageweise gemietet

it's sold \by the metre es wird am Meter verkauft

to sell \by the dozen/hundred/thousand zu Dutzenden/Hunderten/Tausenden verkaufen

to get paid \by the hour stundenweise bezahlt werden

17. (margin) um

prices went up \by 20% die Preise sind um 20 % gestiegen

the bullet missed her \by two centimetres die Kugel verfehlte sie um zwei Zentimeter [o ging nur zwei Zentimeter an ihr vorbei]

it would be better \by far to... es wäre weitaus besser,...

18. (measurements) mal

the room measures 5 metres \by 8 metres das Zimmer misst 5 mal 8 Meter

19. MATH

8 multiplied \by 3 equals 24 8 mal 3 macht 24

8 divided \by 4 equals 2 8 geteilt durch 4 ist 2

he multiplied it \by 20 er hat es mit 20 multipliziert

20. (in oaths) bei

I swear \by Almighty God that... ich schwöre bei dem allmächtigen Gott, dass...

II. adv inv

1. (past) vorbei

excuse me, I can't get \by Entschuldigung, ich komme nicht vorbei

time goes \by so quickly die Zeit vergeht so schnell

to come \by vorbeikommen

I'll come \by tomorrow ich komme morgen mal vorbei

to drive \by vorbeifahren

to pass \by vorbeikommen

to speed \by sb/sth an jdm/etw vorbeisausen

2. (near) in der Nähe

close \by ganz in der Nähe, in unmittelbarer Nähe

3. (in reserve)

to put [or lay] some money \by etwas [Geld] zurücklegen [o auf die Seite legen

4.

▶ \by and \by ( dated) bald

▶ \by and large im Großen und Ganzen

▶ \by oneself (alone) allein

to live \by oneself allein leben; (unaided) selbst

he can dress \by himself er kann sich selbst [o alleine] anziehen

▶ \by the \by nebenbei bemerkt

where's Jane, \by the \by? wo ist denn eigentlich Jane?

* * *
[baɪ]
1. prep

1) (= close to) bei, an (+dat); (with movement) an (+acc); (= next to) neben (+dat); (with movement) neben (+acc)

by the window/fire/river — am or beim Fenster/Feuer/Fluss

by the church — an or bei der Kirche

by the sea — Ferien pl an der See

come and sit by me — komm, setz dich neben mich

she sat by me — sie saß neben mir

to keep sth by one — etw bei sich haben

2) (= via) über (+acc)

3)

(= past) to go/rush etc by sb/sth — an jdm/etw vorbeigehen/-eilen etc

4)

(time = during) by day/night — bei Tag/Nacht

5) (time = not later than) bis

can you do it by tomorrow? — kannst du es bis morgen machen?

by tomorrow I'll be in France — morgen werde ich in Frankreich sein

by the time I got there, he had gone — bis ich dorthin kam, war er gegangen

but by that time or by then I had realized that... — aber bis dahin war mir klar geworden, dass...

but by that time or by then it will be too late —

but by that time or by then he will have forgotten — aber bis dann or dahin hat er es schon vergessen

by now — inzwischen

6)

(indicating amount) by the inch/kilo/hour/month — zoll-/kilo-/stunden-/monatsweise

one by one — einer nach dem anderen

they came in two by two — sie kamen paarweise herein

letters came in by the hundred — hunderte or Hunderte von Briefen kamen

7) (indicating agent, cause) von

killed by a bullet — durch eine or von einer Kugel getötet

indicated by an asterisk —

a painting by Picasso surrounded by — ein Bild von Picasso umgeben von

8)

(indicating method, means, manner: see also nouns) by bus/car/bicycle — mit dem or per Bus/Auto/Fahrrad

by land and (by) sea — zu Land und zu Wasser

or check (US) — mit Scheck bezahlen

made by hand — handgearbeitet

made by machine — maschinell hergestellt

by daylight/moonlight — bei Tag(eslicht)/im Mondschein

to know sb by name/sight — jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen her kennen

to be known by the name of... — unter dem Namen... bekannt sein

to lead sb by the hand — jdn an der Hand führen

to grab sb by the collar — jdn am Kragen packen

he had a daughter by his first wife — von seiner ersten Frau hatte er eine Tochter

by myself/himself etc — allein

9)

by saving hard he managed to... — durch eisernes Sparen or dadurch, dass er eisern sparte, gelang es ihm...

by turning this knob —

by saying that I didn't mean... — ich habe damit nicht gemeint...

animals which move by wriggling — Tiere, die sich schlängelnd fortbewegen

he could walk by supporting himself on... — gestützt auf... könnte er gehen

10) (according to: see also nouns) nach

to judge by appearances — nach dem Äußern urteilen

by my watch it is nine o'clock — nach meiner Uhr ist es neun

if you play by the rules (fig) — wenn du dich an die Regel hältst

by the terms of Article I — gemäß or nach (den Bestimmungen von) Artikel I

to call sb/sth by his/its proper name — jdn/etw beim richtigen Namen nennen

if it's OK by you/him etc — wenn es Ihnen/ihm etc recht ist

it's all right by me — von mir aus gern or schon

11) (measuring difference) um

broader by a foot — um einen Fuß breiter

it missed me by inches — es verfehlte mich um Zentimeter

12) (MATH, MEASURE)

to divide/multiply by — dividieren durch/multiplizieren mit

a room 20 feet by 30 — ein Zimmer 20 auf or mal 30 Fuß

13)

(points of compass) South by South West — Südsüdwest

14) (in oaths) bei

I swear by Almighty God —

by heaven, I'll get you for this — das sollst or wirst du mir, bei Gott, büßen!

15)

by the right! (Mil) — rechts, links...!

16)

by the way or by(e) — übrigens

2. adv

1)

(= past) to pass/wander/rush etc by — vorbei- or vorüberkommen/-wandern/-eilen etc

2)

(= in reserve) to put or lay by — beiseitelegen

3)

(phrases) by and by — irgendwann; (with past tense) nach einiger Zeit

by and large — im Großen und Ganzen

* * *

by¹ [baı]

A präp

1. (örtlich) (nahe oder dicht) bei oder an (dat), neben (dat):

a house by the river ein Haus beim oder am Fluss;

side by side Seite an Seite

2. vorbei oder vorüber an (dat), an (dat) … entlang:

he went by the church

3. über (akk):

go by London

4. auf (dat), entlang (akk oder dat) (Weg etc):

come by another road eine andere Straße entlangkommen

5. per, mit, mittels, durch (ein Verkehrsmittel): → air¹ A 1, post³ A 1, etc

6. (zeitlich) bis zu, bis um, bis spätestens:

be here by 4.30 sei spätestens um 4 Uhr 30 hier;

by that time

a) bis dahin, unterdessen,

b) um diese Zeit, (ungefähr) zu diesem Zeitpunkt; → now¹ Bes Redew

7. während, bei (Tageszeit): → day Bes Redew, etc

8. nach, …weise:

be sold by the meter (bes Br metre) meterweise verkauft werden; → hour, etc

9. nach, gemäß:

it is ten by my watch nach oder auf meiner Uhr ist es zehn

10. von: → nature 2, trade A 4

11. von, durch (Urheberschaft):

she has a son by him sie hat einen Sohn von ihm;

he has a daughter by his first marriage er hat eine Tochter aus erster Ehe;

a play by Shaw ein Stück von Shaw;

it was settled by him es wurde durch ihn oder von ihm erledigt; → oneself 1

12. mittels, mit Hilfe von, mit, durch:

written by pencil mit Bleistift geschrieben;

by listening durch Zuhören;

by (his) talking rapidly dadurch, dass er schnell redet(e); → force A 1, A 3, A 4 letter¹ A 2

13. um (bei Größenverhältnissen):

be (too) short by an inch um einen Zoll zu kurz sein

14. MATH

a) mal:

3 by 4;

the size is 9 feet by 6 die Größe ist 9 auf 6 ( oder 9 × 6) Fuß; → multiply A 2

b) durch:

6 by 2; → divide A 7 a

15. an (dat), bei: → root¹ A 1, seize A 1 a

B adv

1. nahe, da(bei):

by and large im Großen und Ganzen;

by and by

a) bald, demnächst,

b) nach und nach,

c) kurze Zeit später; → close B, hard B 4

2. vorbei…, vorüber…: → go by, pass by, etc

3. beiseite: → put by etc

by² → bye-bye C

* * *
I 1. preposition
1) (near, beside) an (+ Dat.); bei; (next to) neben

by the window/river — am Fenster/Fluss

she sat by me — sie saß neben mir

2) (to position beside) zu

3) (about, in the possession of) bei

have something by one — etwas bei sich haben

4)

north-east by east — Nordost auf Ost

5)

by herself — etc. see herself 1)

6) (along) entlang

by the river — am od. den Fluss entlang

7) (via) über (+ Akk.)

leave by the door/window — zur Tür hinausgehen/zum Fenster hinaussteigen

we came by the quickest/shortest route — wir sind die schnellste/kürzeste Strecke gefahren

8) (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)

run/drive by somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas vorbeilaufen/vorbeifahren

9) (during) bei

by day/night — bei Tag/Nacht; tagsüber/nachts

10) (through the agency of) von

written by... — geschrieben von...

11) (through the means of) durch

he was killed by lightning/a falling chimney — er ist vom Blitz/von einem umstürzenden Schornstein erschlagen worden

heated by gas/oil — mit Gas/Öl geheizt; gas-/ölbeheizt

by bus/ship — etc. mit dem Bus/Schiff usw.

by air/sea — mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff

have children by somebody — Kinder von jemandem haben

12) (not later than) bis

by now/this time — inzwischen

by next week she will be in China — nächste Woche ist sie schon in China

by the time this letter reaches you — bis dich dieser Brief erreicht

by the 20th — bis zum 20.

13) (indicating unit of time) pro; (indicating unit of length, weight, etc.) -weise

by the second/minute/hour — pro Sekunde/Minute/Stunde

rent a house by the year — ein Haus für jeweils ein Jahr mieten

you can hire a car by the day or by the week — man kann sich (Dat.) ein Auto tageweise oder wochenweise mieten

day by day/month by month, by the day/month — (as each day/month passes) Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat

cloth by the metre — Stoff am Meter

sell something by the packet/ton/dozen — etwas paket-/tonnenweise/im Dutzend verkaufen

10 ft. by 20 ft. — 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß

14) (indicating amount)

by the thousands — zu Tausenden

one by one — einzeln

two by two/three by three/four by four — zu zweit/dritt/viert

little by little — nach und nach

15) (indicating factor) durch

8 divided by 2 is 4 — 8 geteilt durch 2 ist 4

16) (indicating extent) um

wider by a foot — um einen Fuß breiter

win by ten metres — mit zehn Metern Vorsprung gewinnen

passed by nine votes to two — mit neun zu zwei Stimmen angenommen

17) (according to) nach

by my watch — nach meiner Uhr

18) in oaths bei

by [Almighty] God — bei Gott[, dem Allmächtigen]
2. adverb
1) (past) vorbei

drive/run/flow by — vorbeifahren/-laufen/-fließen

2) (near)

close/near by — in der Nähe

3)

by and large — im großen und ganzen

by and by — nach und nach; (in past) nach einer Weile
II
see bye II

* * *

prep.

an präp.

bei präp.

bis präp.

durch präp.

neben präp.

von präp.

über präp.

English-german dictionary > by
20 mortgage

ˈmɔ:ɡɪdʒ
1. сущ.
1) заклад;
ипотека
2) закладная to give a mortgage ≈ выдавать закладную to hold;
receive;
take out a mortgage on ≈ получить закладную на to pay off a mortgage ≈ выкупать закладную to foreclose a mortgage ≈ отказывать в праве выкупа закладной вследствие просрочки chattel mortgage ≈ закладная на движимое имущество conventional mortgage ≈ условная закладная first mortgage ≈ первая закладная( предоставляет некоторые преимущества кредитору) second mortgage ≈ вторая закладная
2. гл.
1) закладывать
2) ручаться, давать обещание (юридическое) заклад;
залог;
ипотека, закладная - loan on * ссуда /заем/ под закладную - to take out /to raise/ a * заложить;
получить заем под закладную - to lend on * давать деньги под закладную - to pay off /to redeem/ the * выкупить закладную, выкупить из залога - * bond закладной лист - * term срок закладной( юридическое) закладывать - to * one's house заложить свой дом - the house was *d for $10,000 дом был заложен /заложили/ за десять тысяч долларов ручаться (словом и т. п.) ;
связывать себя обещанием - to * one's happiness поставить на карту свое счастье - to * oneself to a cause посвятить себя какому-л. делу advance ~ предварительный залог bank ~ закладная, гарантируемая банком blanket ~ общий залог buyer's ~ to seller залог покупателя, оставленный продавцу cancel a ~ deed объявлять недействительным залоговый сертификат cancel a ~ deed объявлять недействительным ипотечное свидетельство cash loan ~ deed залоговый сертификат под ссуду, выданную наличными chattel ~ залог движимого имущества chattel ~ продажа-залог движимости с условием о выкупе, фидуциарный ипотечный залог движимости collective ~ коллективный залог commercial ~ коммерческая ссуда под залог недвижимого имущества comprehensive ~ полный залог compulsory ~ обязательный залог create a ~ получать ссуду под недвижимость crop ~ закладная под урожай discharge a ~ выкупать закладную due ~ ипотека, подлежащая погашению endowment ~ закладная с выплатой долга из сумм, полученных по срочному страхованию жизни first ~ первая закладная fluctuating ~ закладная с меняющейся суммой погашения higher-ranking ~ юр. закладная более высокого порядка improvement ~ закладная для усовершенствования index-linked ~ индексированная закладная interest-only ~ закладная с устойчивым процентом irrevocable ~ deed безотзывный залоговый сертификат joint ~ совместная закладная junior ~ закладная более низкого порядка land ~ закладная на землю legal ~ законное залоговое право maximum sum ~ закладная на максимально допустимую сумму mortgage заклад;
ипотека ~ заклад ~ закладная ~ закладывать ~ залог ~ ипотека ~ ипотечный залог ~ получать ссуду под недвижимость ~ ручаться (словом) ~ ручаться ~ связывать себя обещанием ~ связывать себя обязательствами ~ by demise залог недвижимости с передачей в аренду ~ of ship залог судна ~ on chattels закладная на движимое имущество ~ on land закладная на земельную собственность ~ on movable property закладная на движимое имущество ~ on personal property закладная на индивидуальную собственность ~ on personal property закладная на личную собственность ~ on real property закладная на недвижимость pension ~ закладная на пенсию puisne ~ ипотечное соглашение, по которому кредитор не получает в свои руки документы на закладываемую собственность purchase money ~ ипотека, выдаваемая покупателем вместо наличности при приобретении собственности recorded ~ зарегистрированная закладная registered ~ именная закладная repayment ~ закладная для погашения долга second ~ вторая закладная second ~ вторая ипотека second priority ~ вторая ипотека senior ~ преимущественная закладная ship ~ ипотека на судно ship's ~ залог судна standard fixed-rate ~ стандартная ипотека с фиксированной процентной ставкой subsequent ~ дополнительная закладная third ~ третья закладная top-up ~ закладная высшего порядка unsatisfied ~ невыкупленная закладная

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > mortgage

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Second College Grant, New Hampshire — Second College Grant is a township located in Coos County, New Hampshire, United States. The area of this township is owned and controlled by Dartmouth College. As of the 2000 census, the grant had a total population of 0. Trails and cabins are… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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second land

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

second land

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

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